Bio ‐efficacy of a chitosan based elicitor on Alternaria solani and Xanthomonas vesicatoria infections in tomato under tropical conditions
This study investigated the ability of a commercial chitosan extract (Armour‐Zen®) to reduce disease incidence and induce the production of enzymes and expression of marker genes involved in plant defences for two important tomato pathogens, Alternaria solani and Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Foliar spray applications of the chitosan extract significantly reduced the incidences of both diseases in greenhouse and field grown tomato plants and also displayed a positive effect on growth and yields of tomato fruits. Chitosan‐treated plants recorded elevated levels of defence enzymes and upregulation of the PIN II marker gene f...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - June 15, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: A. Ramkissoon, J. Francis, V. Bowrin, R. Ramjegathesh, A. Ramsubhag, J. Jayaraman Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cucurbit aphid ‐borne yellows virus (CABYV) modifies the alighting, settling and probing behaviour of its vector Aphis gossypii favouring its own spread
We report the effect that the persistently aphid‐transmitted Cucurbit aphid‐borne yellows virus (CABYV, Polerovirus) can induce on the alighting, settling and probing behaviour activities of its vector, the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. Only minor direct changes on aphid feeding behaviour were observed when viruliferous aphids fed on non‐infected plants. However, the feeding behaviour of non‐viruliferous aphids was very different on CABYV‐infected than on non‐infected plants. Non‐viruliferous aphids spent longer time feeding from the phloem in CABYV‐infected plants compared to non‐infected plants, suggesti...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - May 30, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: M. Carmo ‐Sousa, A. Moreno, M. Plaza, E. Garzo, A. Fereres Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cucurbit aphid‐borne yellows virus (CABYV) modifies the alighting, settling and probing behaviour of its vector Aphis gossypii favouring its own spread
We report the effect that the persistently aphid‐transmitted Cucurbit aphid‐borne yellows virus (CABYV, Polerovirus) can induce on the alighting, settling and probing behaviour activities of its vector, the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. Only minor direct changes on aphid feeding behaviour were observed when viruliferous aphids fed on non‐infected plants. However, the feeding behaviour of non‐viruliferous aphids was very different on CABYV‐infected than on non‐infected plants. Non‐viruliferous aphids spent longer time feeding from the phloem in CABYV‐infected plants compared to non‐infected plants, suggesti...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 30, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: M. Carmo‐Sousa, A. Moreno, M. Plaza, E. Garzo, A. Fereres Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
A review of the biology, ecology and control of saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with a focus on phenological forecasting
Abstract
Saddle gall midge Haplodiplosis marginata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a pest of cereals across Europe. The occasional nature of this pest has resulted in limited and sporadic research activity. There remain important gaps in knowledge due either to a genuine lack of research or to previous research being difficult to access. These knowledge gaps make the development of effective control options difficult. Here, we review the existing literature in an attempt to consolidate the information on H. marginata from research which spans several decades and encompasses many different countries. The current distribution an...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 30, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: C. Rowley, A. Cherrill, S. Leather, C. Nicholls, S. Ellis, T. Pope Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Phenological growth stages of pineapple (Ananas comosus) according to the extended Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie scale
This study focused on the entire flower and fruit development stages of pineapple and presented the correlation between phenophase and temperature. Normative descriptions can facilitate the implementation of production management measures and guidance for scientific experimental design. (Source: Annals of Applied Biology)
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 30, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: H.N. Zhang, W.S. Sun, G.M. Sun, S.H. Liu, Y.H. Li, Q.S. Wu, Y.Z. Wei Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Development of a SCAR marker and a strain‐specific genomic marker for the detection of the biocontrol agent strain CPA‐8 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (formerly B. subtilis)
Abstract
In this work, reliable tools were developed to detect and identify the biocontrol strain CPA‐8 using DNA amplification techniques. As a first approach, the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique was applied to a collection of 77 related Bacillus species. Among the primers tested, the primer pair OPG1/OPG6 amplified a 668 bp specific product to the strain CPA‐8 that was sequenced and used to design SCAR (sequence‐characterised amplified regions) primer pairs. The SCAR‐4 marker amplified a semi‐specific fragment of 665 bp not only for the strain CPA‐8 but also for other 12 strains whose mo...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 28, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: A. Gotor‐Vila, N. Teixidó, J. Usall, S. Dashevskaya, R. Torres Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Development of a SCAR marker and a strain ‐specific genomic marker for the detection of the biocontrol agent strain CPA‐8 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (formerly B. subtilis)
Abstract
In this work, reliable tools were developed to detect and identify the biocontrol strain CPA‐8 using DNA amplification techniques. As a first approach, the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique was applied to a collection of 77 related Bacillus species. Among the primers tested, the primer pair OPG1/OPG6 amplified a 668 bp specific product to the strain CPA‐8 that was sequenced and used to design SCAR (sequence‐characterised amplified regions) primer pairs. The SCAR‐4 marker amplified a semi‐specific fragment of 665 bp not only for the strain CPA‐8 but also for other 12 strains whose mo...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: A. Gotor ‐Vila, N. Teixidó, J. Usall, S. Dashevskaya, R. Torres Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Effect of the trap crop Solanum sisymbriifolium and two biocontrol fungi on reproduction of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida
Abstract
The potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, is one of the most important pests of potato worldwide. Owing to regulatory considerations and potential environmental impact, control options for this nematode are becoming increasingly limited. Solanum sisymbriifolium and biological control agents offer viable alternative options for controlling G. pallida. Therefore, experiments were conducted to determine the effect of the nematode trap crop S. sisymbriifolium, alone or in combination with the biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum or Plectosphaerella cucumerina, on population decline of G. pallida. Experiments wer...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: L.‐M. Dandurand, G.R. Knudsen Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Susceptibility and tolerance in hybrid and pure‐line rice varieties to herbivore attack: biomass partitioning and resource‐based compensation in response to damage
Abstract
Hybrid rice has been noted for its susceptibility to insects and diseases compared to pure‐line (conventional) rice varieties. We investigated herbivory by Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera and Scirpophaga incertulas on replicated three‐line hybrid sets (parental and hybrid lines) in field and greenhouse experiments. In a field experiment, caterpillar densities and stemborer damage was similar among hybrid and parental lines. In field and greenhouse experiments, the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS)‐lines and maintainer lines had higher densities of planthoppers (including N. lugens and S. furcifera) than...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 14, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: F.G. Horgan, E. Crisol‐Martínez, M.L.P. Almazan, A. Romena, A.F. Ramal, J.B. Ferrater, C.C. Bernal Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Susceptibility and tolerance in hybrid and pure ‐line rice varieties to herbivore attack: biomass partitioning and resource‐based compensation in response to damage
Abstract
Hybrid rice has been noted for its susceptibility to insects and diseases compared to pure‐line (conventional) rice varieties. We investigated herbivory by Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera and Scirpophaga incertulas on replicated three‐line hybrid sets (parental and hybrid lines) in field and greenhouse experiments. In a field experiment, caterpillar densities and stemborer damage was similar among hybrid and parental lines. In field and greenhouse experiments, the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS)‐lines and maintainer lines had higher densities of planthoppers (including N. lugens and S. furcifera) than...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 12, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: F.G. Horgan, E. Crisol ‐Martínez, M.L.P. Almazan, A. Romena, A.F. Ramal, J.B. Ferrater, C.C. Bernal Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Rhizoctonia solani injuries in oilseed crops in Finland and impacts of different crop management practices on disease incidence and severity
This study showed that cultural practices such as reduced or no soil tillage, adequate levels of pH and of NPK fertilization could reduce the severity of the symptoms in OSR fields. (Source: Annals of Applied Biology)
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 12, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: A.O. Hannukkala, M. Rastas, P. Laitinen, S. Latvala Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Weed development in spring wheat after contrasting soil tillage and nitrogen management
Abstract
Soil tillage and nitrogen (N) management effects on weed species composition were evaluated in 2013 and 2014 on a clayey soil after 5‐years of organic management at the Royal Agricultural University's Harnhill Manor Farm, UK. Three tillage systems – Conventional Tillage (CT), and High and Low Intensity Non‐inversion Tillage (HINiT & LINiT) – were compared at four N fertiliser rates of 0, 70, 140 and 210 kg N ha−1. Broad‐spectrum herbicide was applied before soil operations across the site in both years. Previous organic management legacy of high weed biomass promoted greater weed prevale...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 12, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: K. Rial‐Lovera, W.P. Davies, N.D. Cannon, J.S. Conway Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Weed species in tomato production and their role as alternate hosts of Tomato spotted wilt virus and its vector Frankliniella occidentalis
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an important plant virus that infects a wide range of hosts including weeds making its management difficult. A survey was undertaken to establish the occurrence of weed species in tomato production systems in Kenya and their role as hosts of TSWV and its vectors. Selected weed species were further evaluated for their reaction to TSWV, transmission efficiency by Frankliniella occidentalis and ability to support thrips reproduction. Of the 43 weed species identified in the field, 29 species had been reported as hosts of TSWV, two were non‐hosts and 11 had no record of their stat...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 12, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: I. Macharia, D. Backhouse, S.‐B. Wu, E.M. Ateka Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Unused genetic resources: a case study of Polish common oat germplasm
Abstract
Landraces and old, obsolete cultivars are a rich source of diversity and could become important and easy‐to‐use germplasm resources for breeding. They are characterised by yield stability, broad adaptation, tolerance to diseases and a greater competitiveness in the presence of weeds. The main objective of this study was to estimate and compare the genetic diversity among and within landraces, old cultivars and modern cultivars of common oat. Inter simple sequence repeats were used to study the genetic diversity of 12 modern Polish cultivars, 23 old Polish cultivars, 19 native landraces and 5 contemporary Europ...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 9, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: M. Boczkowska, A. Onyśk Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
A stochastic model for predicting the stage emergence of Plutella xylostella under field conditions
Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is a worldwide pest of brassicas, and its biology and ecology have been extensively studied over recent years. Despite the importance of mathematical models to the management of insect pests, no stochastic model has been developed to date for P. xylostella. In this context, the study aimed to develop a stochastic model capable of describing the stage emergence of P. xylostella under field conditions. The stochastic model was developed using simple nonlinear functions based on the laboratory data on development times under constant temperatures. Comparison between estimate...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 5, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: C.A. Marchioro, F.S. Krechemer, C.P. Moraes, L.A. Foerster Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
