Development, histological observations and Grapevine leafroll ‐associated virus‐3 localisation in in vitro grapevine micrografts
Abstract
Development, histological process and Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus‐3 localisation were studied in micrografts of three scion/rootstock combinations: healthy/healthy, healthy/infected and infected/healthy. Earlier bud break and faster growth in scions of micrografts were obtained when the healthy shoot segments were used as scions, while earlier bud break in rootstocks and greater fresh weight of roots in micrografts were produced when the healthy shoot segments were used as rootstocks. All histological processes including callus initiation and formation in micrografting conjunctions, and initiation of n...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - February 17, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: X. ‐Y. Hao, W.‐L. Bi, Z.‐H. Cui, C. Pan, Y. Xu, Q.‐C. Wang Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Corrigendum
(Source: Annals of Applied Biology)
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - February 14, 2017 Category: Biology Tags: CORRIGENDUM Source Type: research
Maize seedling morphology and defence hormone profiles, but not herbivory tolerance, were mediated by domestication and modern breeding
Abstract
We addressed whether Zea seedling morphology relevant to performance, defence hormone profiles and tolerance of a phloem‐feeding, specialist herbivore were affected by two processes, plant domestication and modern breeding. Domestication effects were inferred through comparisons between Balsas teosintes (Zea mays parviglumis) and landrace maizes (Z. mays mays), and modern breeding effects through comparisons between landrace maizes and inbred maize lines. Specifically, we compared seedling forms (a composite measure of leaf length, average stem diameter, shoot wet weight, shoot dry weight, total root length, roo...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - January 31, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: M. Chinchilla ‐Ramírez, E.J. Borrego, T.J. DeWitt, M.V. Kolomiets, J.S. Bernal Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Sensitivity determination and resistance risk assessment of Rhizoctonia solani to SDHI fungicide thifluzamide
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine (a) the baseline sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani to thifluzamide and (b) the risk of the fungus developing resistance to the fungicide. Thifluzamide sensitivity was assessed for 227 isolates of R. solani collected from 12 provinces of China from 2007 to 2011. One insensitive isolate GD‐1 was obtained from the field, and the EC50 values of the 226 sensitive isolates had a unimodal frequency distribution with a mean of 0.0351 µg mL−1. Nine resistant mutants were generated using thifluzamide‐amended media or UV radiation in the laboratory. The resistance...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - January 19, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: W. Mu, Z. Wang, Y. Bi, X. Ni, Y. Hou, S. Zhang, X. Liu Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Comparative performance of δ13C, ion accumulation and agronomic parameters for phenotyping durum wheat genotypes under various irrigation water salinities
Abstract
The use of efficient selection traits for screening under contrasting irrigation water salinity is a challenge for breeders. To identify patterns, grain yield (GY) and yield components (kernels m−2, thousand kernels weight), growth traits (plant height, biomass), flag leaf ion accumulation (Na+ and K+), carbon isotope composition (δ13Cgrain) and nitrogen concentration (Ngrain) of grains were assessed on 25 durum wheat genotypes (G) in two consecutive growing seasons (2010 and 2011), in three semi‐arid locations in Tunisia. Each location differed in their irrigation water salinity as measured by electrical con...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - January 19, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Z. Chamekh, C. Karmous, S. Ayadi, A. Sahli, M. Belhaj Fraj, S. Yousfi, S. Rezgui, N. Ben Aissa, M.D. Serret, I. McCann, Y. Trifa, H. Amara, J.L. Araus Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Genotypic characteristics in populations of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from New York State, USA
Abstract
White mould, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most destructive diseases of beans globally. In New York State, USA, white mould causes substantial losses in soybean, snap, dry and succulent baby lima beans, which are grown successively in intensive crop rotations. Management strategies for white mould in these crops are reliant upon the prophylactic use of fungicides. No complementary information on the genetic structure of the populations of S. sclerotiorum in New York State, USA is available. Twenty isolates of S. sclerotiorum were collected from symptomatic bean plants within each of ...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - January 19, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: A.R. Dunn, J.R. Kikkert, S.J. Pethybridge Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Detection and differentiation of the coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasma in coconut ‐growing villages of Grand‐Lahou, Côte d'Ivoire
Abstract
Surveys for the Côte d'Ivoire lethal yellowing (CILY) phytoplasma were conducted in eight severely CILY‐affected villages of Grand‐Lahou in 2015. Leaves, inflorescences and trunk borings were collected from coconut palms showing CILY symptoms and from symptomless trees. Total DNA was extracted from these samples and tested by nested polymerase chain reaction/RFLP and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein (rp) and the translocation protein (secA) genes. The CILY phytoplasma was detected in 82.9% of the symptom‐bearing palms collected from all the surveyed villages and from all the plant parts....
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - December 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Y. A. Rosete, H. A. Diallo, J. L. Konan Konan, N. Yankey, M. Saleh, F. Pilet, N. Contaldo, S. Paltrinieri, A. Bertaccini, J. Scott Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): an organism invisible to the defences of tomato fruits
Abstract
Insect–plant interactions involving species of the genus Solanum have been intensively studied, resulting in several articles on insect–plant interactions. However, the interactions between herbivores and the fruits of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) are not well known. Neoleucinodes elegantalis is a borer that causes great yield losses in S. lycopersicum crops because of the direct damage that it causes to the fruits and the difficulty of controlling it. In the field, the outside of a tomato fruit infested with the larvae of N. elegantalis is visually similar to uninfested fruits. Even a minor injury by herbivo...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - December 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: R.S. Silva, A.E. Marques, D.O. Ferreira, Á.H. Costa, A.V. Ribeiro, M.G. Almeida Oliveira, R.M.S. Alves Meira, L. Jesus Pereira, M.C. Picanço Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cage and field experiments as basis for the development of control strategies against Cacopsylla pruni, the vector of European Stone Fruit Yellows
Abstract
The efficacy and the instant effect of 13 insecticides and antifeedants towards Cacopsylla pruni, the vector of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ were examined in cage studies (no choice experiments with 10 field‐collected overwintered adults per experiment) on potted apricot trees (budding trees under outdoor conditions in early spring and foliated seedlings kept at 21°C). Cypermethrin caused 100% insect mortality within 2–4 h, thiacloprid 90–100% mortality within 24 h both on foliated and on budding trees. On budding trees spinosad led to 70–90% mortality within 24 h, thixotropic white trunk p...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - December 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: C. Paleski ć, K. Bachinger, G. Brader, M. Kickenweiz, C. Engel, L. Wurm, L. Czipin, M. Riedle‐Bauer Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Can the pheromones of predators modulate responses to herbivore ‐induced plant volatiles?
Abstract
Biological control of greenhouse pests has been successfully developed and applied. In greenhouse crops, several entomophagous species (predators and parasitoids) are used simultaneously in the crop cycle. One important aspect of these crops, which represent modified ecosystems, is the interactions among complexes of species, including plants, phytophagous insects, and predators. The chemical relationships (semiochemicals: pheromones and kairomones) among these species likely play an important role in greenhouse crops; however, few studies have focused on these relationships. The aim of this study was to analyse t...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - December 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: T. Cabello, M.A. Rodriguez ‐Manzaneque, J.R. Gallego Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The ever increasing diversity of begomoviruses infecting non ‐cultivated hosts: new species from Sida spp. and Leonurus sibiricus, plus two New World alphasatellites
Abstract
Begomoviruses (whitefly‐transmitted, single‐stranded DNA plant viruses) are among the most damaging pathogens causing epidemics in economically important crops worldwide. Besides cultivated plants, many weed and wild hosts act as virus reservoirs where recombination may occur, resulting in new species. The aim of this study was to further characterise the diversity of begomoviruses infecting two major weed genera, Sida and Leonurus. Total DNA was extracted from samples collected in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul during the years 2009–2011. Viral genomes were enriched by rolli...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - December 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: C.G. Ferro, J.P. Silva, C.A.D. Xavier, M.T. Godinho, A.T.M. Lima, T.B. Mar, D. Lau, F.M. Zerbini Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Fertiliser application positively affects plants performance but reduces seed viability in seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya pentacarpos): implication for biomass production and species conservation
ABSTRACT
Kosteletzkya pentacarpos seashore mallow, is recognised as an important plant species for several industrial applications, especially in North America and Asia. In Europe, seashore mallow is highly threatened and subject of conservation actions (e.g. reintroduction). In order to define appropriate multipurpose cultivation protocols, suitable for biomass production and for conservation purposes, we investigated the effect of varying levels of soil salt content and nutrient availability on seashore mallow. As expected, seashore mallow had the best performance in terms of growth rate, flowering and fruit production w...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - December 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: T. Abeli, L. Brancaleoni, R. Marchesini, S. Orsenigo, G. Rossi, R. Gerdol Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Changes in leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant metabolism within wheat leaves infected by Bipolaris sorokiniana
Abstract
The photosynthetic performance (leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a (Chla) fluorescence), activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the flag leaves of plants from two wheat cultivars with contrasting levels of resistance to spot blotch was assessed. Spot blotch severity was significantly lower in plants from cv. BR‐18 compared to cv. Guamirim. Net carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and concentrations of Chla, Chlab and carotenoids were sign...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - December 29, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: J.A. Rios, C.E. Aucique ‐Pérez, D. Debona, L.B.M. Cruz Neto, V.S. Rios, F.A. Rodrigues Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Predation by the carabid beetle Harpalus rufipes on the pest slug Deroceras reticulatum in the laboratory
Abstract
The Harpalini species Harpalus rufipes, as many other generalist carabids, consume a wide variety of prey and it is known to feed on pest slugs such as the grey field slug Deroceras reticulatum, but quantitative data about the predatory activity of H. rufipes on slugs are very scarce. In laboratory experiments, we assessed the capability of male H. rufipes to kill eggs and different‐sized slugs of the pest species D. reticulatum in either the absence or the presence of alternative live prey (dipteran larvae and aphids). We also investigated the preference of H. rufipes for eggs and hatchlings of D. reticulatum i...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - December 27, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: H. El ‐Danasoury, C. Cerecedo, M. Córdoba, J. Iglesias‐Piñeiro Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Soil inoculum density of Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium wilt of olive in Lebanon
Abstract
In the Mediterranean basin, Verticillium Wilt of Olive (VWO) is diffused throughout its range of cultivation, causing severe yield losses and tree mortality. The disease was reported in almost all the Mediterranean and Middle East countries, and in Lebanon it is of increasing significance also on many valuable crops. The disease has already been reported on potato, peach and almond in the Bekaa valley; however, to date no information is available about the incidence of VWO and the inoculum density of Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil of the main agricultural areas of Lebanon. Results from the present inv...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - December 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: W. Habib, E. Choueiri, F. Baroudy, D. Tabet, E. Gerges, C. Saab, F. Nigro Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
