The role of domestication and maternal effects on seed traits of crop –wild sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus)
In this study, we test the relative importance of maternal and hybridisation effects on seed traits of the first generation of crop–wild sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus). Seed germination was tested in two wild populations with contrasting dormancy, two cultivated materials and their reciprocal crosses at four different times after harvest and three different temperatures. Seed germination at each of the four times, after ripening response and secondary dormancy were recorded along with four morphological traits. Additionally, the pericarp anatomy was analysed with light and scanning electron microscopy. We observed...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - June 15, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: F. Hern ández, L.I. Lindström, E. Parodi, M. Poverene, A. Presotto Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Seed treatment with selected plant growth ‐promoting rhizobacteria increases maize yield in the field
ABSTRACT
Maize, Zea mays is the most important grain crop in South Africa and is a staple food in many African countries. The beneficial effects of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria on crop growth and yield have been well documented, but obtaining reproducible results under field conditions is often difficult. In the current study, five selected rhizobacterial strains that showed plant growth‐promoting activities in pilot studies were evaluated for potential enhancement of maize yield under field conditions. The five strains together with a commercial standard were assessed as seed treatments of maize over three sea...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - June 15, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: G. Breedt, N. Labuschagne, T.A. Coutinho Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
A discussion on disease severity index values. Part I: warning on inherent errors and suggestions to maximise accuracy
Abstract
A special type of ordinal scale comprising a number of intervals of known numeric ranges can be used when estimating severity of a plant disease. The interval ranges are most often based on the percent area with symptoms [e.g. the Horsfall–Barratt (H–B) scale]. Studies in plant pathology and plant breeding often use this type of ordinal scale. The disease severity is estimated by a rater as a value on the scale and has been used to determine a disease severity index (DSI) on a percentage basis, where DSI (%) = [sum (class frequency × score of rating class)]/[(total number of plants) × (maximal di...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - June 6, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: K.S. Chiang, H.I. Liu, C.H. Bock Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Ecology and diversity of plant viruses, and epidemiology of plant virus ‐induced diseases
(Source: Annals of Applied Biology)
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - June 5, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: M.A. Aranda, J. Freitas ‐Astúa Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Ethylenediamine ‐N,N′‐disuccinic acid mitigates salt‐stress damages in strawberry by interfering with effects on the plant ionome
This study evaluated the hypothesis that the organic chelant ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐disuccinic acid (EDDS) mitigates plant damage under salinity, and that this is accomplished by EDDS‐induced effects on cation uptake. Damaging effects of salinity on plants often involve inhibited uptake of nutritional cations, such as K and Ca, and excessive accumulation of Na. Therefore, mechanisms that improve uptake of K and Ca, or reduce Na uptake, have a potential for ameliorating salinity damages. Organic chelants increase heavy‐metal cation availability at the site of uptake and increase their uptake by the roots or in plant...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - May 23, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: R. Aslantas, I. Angin, M. Kose, N. Bernstein Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Persistence of transgenes in wild rice populations depends on the interaction between genetic background of recipients and environmental conditions
Abstract
The persistence of transgenes in wild populations may cause unintended ecological consequences, and the possibility of transgenes' persistence and introgression is dependent on fitness performance of transgenic crop–wild hybrids. To investigate the effects of transgene and genotype × environment on the fitness of crop–wild rice hybrids, a total of 11 cross‐combination progenies between insect‐resistant transgene (CpTI and Bt/CpTI) rice lines and wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) were evaluated at different sites with contrasting insect treatments. The results showed that fitness performance varied between t...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - May 1, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: S.S. Dong, M.Q. Xiao, D.X. Ouyang, J. Rong, B. ‐R. Lu, J. Su, F. Wang, J.K. Chen, Z.‐P. Song Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Probability distributions for marketable pods and white mould on snap bean
Abstract
White mould, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most recalcitrant diseases of snap bean. Probability distributions suitable for describing the total number of marketable pods (hereafter simply referred to as pods) per plant, as well as for the number of pods and stems with white mould per plant, have not been identified. The total number of pods and the number of pods and stems with white mould were measured on a per plant basis in plots of processing snap bean (var. Hystyle) in New York. The total number of pods per plant ranged from 0 to 29, and was best described by the Pólya‐Aeppli distributi...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - May 1, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: D.A. Shah, H.R. Dillard, S.J. Pethybridge Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Effects of Grapevine leafroll ‐associated virus 3 on the physiology in asymptomatic plants of Vitis vinifera
In this study, effects of GLRaV‐3 on grapevine physiology were evaluated in asymptomatic plants of Malvasía de Banyalbufar and Cabernet Sauvignon cvs. Absolute virus quantification was performed in order to determine the level of infection of the treatment. The net carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation (AN) and electron transport rate (Jflux) were the main parameters affected by the virus. The AN reduction in infected plants was attributed to restrictions in CO2 diffusion caused by anatomical leaf changes and a reduction of Rubisco activity. Those effects were more evident in Malvasia de Banyalbufar plants. The reduction of...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - May 1, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: R. Montero, H. El aou ouad, D. Pacifico, C. Marzach ì, N. Castillo, E. García, N.F. Del Saz, I. Florez‐Sarasa, J. Flexas, J. Bota Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Contents
(Source: Annals of Applied Biology)
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 27, 2017 Category: Biology Tags: CONTENTS LIST Source Type: research
Keyword index
(Source: Annals of Applied Biology)
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 27, 2017 Category: Biology Tags: KEYWORD INDEX Source Type: research
Author index
(Source: Annals of Applied Biology)
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 27, 2017 Category: Biology Tags: AUTHOR INDEX Source Type: research
Fusarium fujikuroi associated with stem rot of red ‐fleshed dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in Malaysia
This study provides novel findings regarding Fusarium species associated with stem rot of H. polyrhizus and indicated that F. fujikuroi as a new causal pathogen of the disease. (Source: Annals of Applied Biology)
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 27, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: M. Masratul Hawa, I. Nurul Faziha, M.N. Nik Mohamad Izham, Z. Latiffah Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Discovering and sequencing new plant viral genomes by next ‐generation sequencing: description of a practical pipeline
Abstract
Small‐scale sequencing has improved substantially in recent decades, culminating in the development of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Modern NGS methods have helped the discovery of many new plant viruses. Nevertheless, there is still a need to establish solid assembly pipelines targeting small genomes characterised by low identities to known viral sequences. Here, we describe and discuss the fundamental steps required for discovering and sequencing new plant viral genomes by NGS. A practical pipeline and standard alternative tools used in NGS analysis are presented. (Source: Annals of Applied Biology)
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 27, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: R. Blawid, J.M.F. Silva, T. Nagata Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Effects of species and soil ‐nitrogen availability on root system architecture traits – study on a set of weed and crop species
Abstract
Better managing crop : weed competition in cropping systems while reducing both nitrogen and herbicide inputs is a real challenge that requires a better understanding of crop and weed root architecture in relation to soil‐nitrogen availability. An original approach was used which considered the parameters of a simulation model of root architecture as traits to analyse (a) the interspecific diversity of root system architecture, and (b) its response to soil‐nitrogen availability. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using three crop and nine weed species grown at two contrasted concentrations of soil‐nit...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: D. Moreau, F. Abiven, H. Busset, A. Matejicek, L. Pag ès Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
A real ‐time PCR assay for improved rapid, specific detection of Cryphonectria parasitica
ABSTRACT
Cryphonectria parasitica, an ascomycete fungus, is the causal agent of chestnut blight. This highly destructive disease of chestnut trees causes significant losses, and is therefore a regulated pathogen in Europe. Existing methods for the detection of C. parasitica include morphological identification following culturing, or PCR; however, these are time‐consuming resulting in delays to diagnosis. To allow improved detection, a new specific real‐time PCR assay was designed to detect C. parasitica directly from plant material and fungal cultures, and was validated according to the European Plant Protection Organ...
Source: Annals of Applied Biology - April 7, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: S. Rubio, A. Barnes, K. Webb, J. Hodgetts Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
