Tcf7l2 localization of putative stem/progenitor cells in mouse conjunctiva
Conjunctival integrity and preservation is indispensable for vision. The self-renewing capacity of conjunctival cells controls conjunctival homeostasis and regeneration; however, the source of conjunctival self-renewal and the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. Here, we characterize the biochemical phenotype and proliferative potential of conjunctival epithelial cells in adult mouse by detecting proliferation-related signatures and conducting clonal analysis. Further, we show that transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-cell-specific transcription factor 4), a DNA binding protein expressed in multiple types of adult stem ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Quan, Y., Zhang, X., Xu, S., Li, K., Zhu, F., Li, Q., Cai, X., Lu, R. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Direct real-time quantification of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in permeabilized skeletal muscle myofibers
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) efficiency, defined as the ATP-to-O ratio, is a critical feature of mitochondrial function that has been implicated in health, aging, and disease. To date, however, the methods to measure ATP/O have primarily relied on indirect approaches or entail parallel rather than simultaneous determination of ATP synthesis and O2 consumption rates. The purpose of this project was to develop and validate an approach to determine the ATP/O ratio in permeabilized fiber bundles (PmFBs) from simultaneous measures of ATP synthesis (JATP) and O2 consumption (JO2) rates in real time using a custom-designed ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Lark, D. S., Torres, M. J., Lin, C.-T., Ryan, T. E., Anderson, E. J., Neufer, P. D. Tags: METHODS IN CELL PHYSIOLOGY Source Type: research
A high-resolution method for assessing cellular oxidative phosphorylation efficiency: bringing mitochondrial bioenergetics into focus. Focus on "Direct real-time quantification of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in permeabilized skeletal muscle myofibers"
(Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Stary, C. M. Tags: EDITORIAL FOCUS Source Type: research
Differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells: role of hydrocortisone in development of ion transport pathways involved in mucociliary clearance
Glucocorticoids strongly influence the mucosal-defense functions performed by the bronchial epithelium, and inhaled corticosteroids are critical in the treatment of patients with inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. A common pathology associated with these diseases is reduced mucociliary clearance, a defense mechanism involving the coordinated transport of salt, water, and mucus by the bronchial epithelium, ultimately leading to retention of pathogens and particles in the airways and to further disease progression. In the present study we investigated the ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Zaidman, N. A., Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A., O'Grady, S. M. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Leptin augments recruitment of IRF-1 and CREB to thrombospondin-1 gene promoter in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro
We previously reported that high pathophysiological concentrations of leptin, the adipocyte-secreted peptide, upregulate the expression of a potent proatherogenic matricellular protein, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), in vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, this regulation was found to occur at the level of transcription; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The goal of the present study was to investigate the specific transcriptional mechanisms that mediate upregulation of TSP-1 expression by leptin. Primary human aortic smooth muscle cell cultures were transiently transfected with different TSP-1 gen...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Sahu, S., Ganguly, R., Raman, P. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Length-dependent Ca2+ activation in skeletal muscle fibers from mammalians
We tested the hypotheses that 1) a decrease in activation of skeletal muscles at short sarcomere lengths (SLs) is caused by an inhibition of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and 2) the decrease in Ca2+ would be caused by an inhibition of action potential conduction from the periphery to the core of the fibers. Intact, single fibers dissected from the flexor digitorum brevis from mice were activated at different SLs, and intracellular Ca2+ was imaged with confocal microscopy. Force decreased at SLs shorter than 2.1 μm, while Ca2+ concentration decreased at SLs below 1.9 μm. The concentration of Ca2+ ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Rassier, D. E., Minozzo, F. C. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Mitochondrial maintenance via autophagy contributes to functional skeletal muscle regeneration and remodeling
In conclusion, autophagy is likely activated following muscle injury and appears to play an important role in functional muscle regeneration. (Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Nichenko, A. S., Southern, W. M., Atuan, M., Luan, J., Peissig, K. B., Foltz, S. J., Beedle, A. M., Warren, G. L., Call, J. A. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Iroquois homeobox transcription factor (Irx5) promotes G1/S-phase transition in vascular smooth muscle cells by CDK2-dependent activation
The Iroquois homeobox (Irx5) gene is essential in embryonic development and cardiac electrophysiology. Although recent studies have reported that IRX5 protein is involved in regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, little is known about the role of IRX5 in the adult vasculature. Here we report novel observations on the role of IRX5 in adult vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Comparative studies using primary human endothelial cells, VSMCs, and intact carotid arteries to determine relative expression of Irx5 in the peripheral vasculature demonstrate si...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Liu, D., Pattabiraman, V., Bacanamwo, M., Anderson, L. M. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
It's all about talking: two-way communication between proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways via ubiquitin
Selective degradation of proteins requires a fine-tuned coordination of the two major proteolytic pathways, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Substrate selection and proteolytic activity are defined by a plethora of regulatory cofactors influencing each other. Both proteolytic pathways are initiated by ubiquitylation to mark substrate proteins for degradation, although the size and/or topology of the modification are different. In this context E3 ubiquitin ligases, ensuring the covalent attachment of activated ubiquitin to the substrate, are of special importance. The regulation of E3 ligase activity, co...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Liebl, M. P., Hoppe, T. Tags: THEMES Source Type: research
AJP-Cell Physiology begins a theme series on the control of the proteostasis network in health and diseases
(Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Chevet, E., Pedeux, R., Lotersztajn, S. Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Reply to "Letter to the editor: Comments on Cornachione et al. (2016): "The increase in non-cross-bridge forces after stretch of activated striated muscle is related to titin isoforms"
(Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Rassier, D. E. Tags: REPLY LTE Source Type: research
Letter to the editor: Comments on Cornachione et al. (2016): "The increase in non-cross-bridge forces after stretch of activated striated muscle is related to titin isoforms"
(Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Herzog, W. Tags: LETTER TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research
Role of the tryptophan residues in proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT-SLC46A1) function
In this study, the functional role and accessibility of the seven PCFT Trp residues were assessed by the substituted-cysteine accessibility method. Six Trp residues at a lipid-aqueous interface tolerated Cys substitution in terms of protein stability and function. W85C, W202C, and W213C were accessible to N-biotinyl aminoethylmethanethiosulfonate; W48C and W299C were accessible only after treatment with dithiotreitol (DTT), consistent with modification of these residues by an endogenous thiol-reacting molecule and their extracellular location. Neither W107C nor W333C was accessible (even after DTT) consistent with their cy...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Najmi, M., Zhao, R., Fiser, A., Goldman, I. D. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibits hypoxia-induced enhancement of SOCE in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via the PKG-PPAR-{gamma} signaling axis
In this study, our results demonstrated that STS treatment can effectively prevent the hypoxia-mediated inhibition of the PKG-PPAR- signaling axis in rat distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and distal pulmonary arteries. These effects of STS treatment were blocked by pharmacological inhibition or specific small interfering RNA knockdown of either PKG or PPAR-. Moreover, targeted PPAR- agonist markedly enhanced the beneficial effects of STS. These results comprehensively suggest that STS treatment can prevent hypoxia-mediated increases in intracellular calcium homeostasis and cell proliferation, by target...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Jiang, Q., Lu, W., Yang, K., Hadadi, C., Fu, X., Chen, Y., Yun, X., Zhang, J., Li, M., Xu, L., Tang, H., Yuan, J. X.-J., Wang, J., Sun, D. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Uptake of ascorbic acid by pancreatic acinar cells is negatively impacted by chronic alcohol exposure
We examined this issue using both in vitro (266-6 cells) and in vivo (mice) models of chronic alcohol exposure. First, we determined the relative expression of the AA transporters 1 and 2 [i.e., sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1 (SVCT-1) and SVCT-2] in mouse and human PACs and found SVCT-2 to be the predominant transporter. Chronic exposure of 266-6 cells to alcohol significantly inhibited AA uptake and caused a marked reduction in SVCT-2 expression at the protein, mRNA, and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) levels. Similarly, chronic alcohol feeding of mice significantly inhibited AA uptake and caused a marked redu...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Subramanian, V. S., Srinivasan, P., Said, H. M. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
