Positive cross talk between protein kinase D and {beta}-catenin in intestinal epithelial cells: impact on {beta}-catenin nuclear localization and phosphorylation at Ser552
Given the fundamental role of β-catenin signaling in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and the growth-promoting function of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in these cells, we hypothesized that PKDs mediate cross talk with β-catenin signaling. The results presented here provide several lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis. We found that stimulation of intestinal epithelial IEC-18 cells with the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist angiotensin II (ANG II), a potent inducer of PKD activation, promoted endogenous β-catenin nuclear localization in a time-dependent manner. A significant increase was e...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang, J., Han, L., Sinnett-Smith, J., Han, L.-L., Stevens, J. V., Rozengurt, N., Young, S. H., Rozengurt, E. Tags: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Forced cell cycle exit and modulation of GABAA, CREB, and GSK3{beta} signaling promote functional maturation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons
Although numerous protocols have been developed for differentiation of neurons from a variety of pluripotent stem cells, most have concentrated on being able to specify effectively appropriate neuronal subtypes and few have been designed to enhance or accelerate functional maturity. Of those that have, most employ time courses of functional maturation that are rather protracted, and none have fully characterized all aspects of neuronal function, from spontaneous action potential generation through to postsynaptic receptor maturation. Here, we describe a simple protocol that employs the sequential addition of just two suppl...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Telezhkin, V., Schnell, C., Yarova, P., Yung, S., Cope, E., Hughes, A., Thompson, B. A., Sanders, P., Geater, C., Hancock, J. M., Joy, S., Badder, L., Connor-Robson, N., Comella, A., Straccia, M., Bombau, G., Brown, J. T., Canals, J. M., Randall, A. D., A Tags: Stem Cell Biology CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
STIM and ORAI proteins: crucial roles in hallmarks of cancer
Intracellular Ca2+ signals play a central role in several cellular processes; therefore it is not surprising that altered Ca2+ homeostasis regulatory mechanisms lead to a variety of severe pathologies, including cancer. Stromal interaction molecules (STIM) and ORAI proteins have been identified as critical components of Ca2+ entry in both store-dependent (SOCE mechanism) and independent by intracellular store depletion and have been implicated in several cellular functions. In recent years, both STIMs and ORAIs have emerged as possible molecular targets for cancer therapeutics. In this review we focus on the role of STIM a...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Fiorio Pla, A., Kondratska, K., Prevarskaya, N. Tags: STIM and Orai Proteins in Calcium Signaling THEMES Source Type: research
The role of STIM and ORAI proteins in phagocytic immune cells
Phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, migrate to sites of infection or damage and are integral to innate immunity through two main mechanisms. The first is to directly neutralize foreign agents and damaged or infected cells by secreting toxic substances or ingesting them through phagocytosis. The second is to alert the adaptive immune system through the secretion of cytokines and the presentation of the ingested materials as antigens, inducing T cell maturation into helper, cytotoxic, or regulatory phenotypes. While calcium signaling has been implicated in numerous phagocyte functions, in...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Demaurex, N., Nunes, P. Tags: STIM and Orai Proteins in Calcium Signaling THEMES Source Type: research
Na+-K+-ATPase, a new class of plasma membrane receptors
The Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) differs from most other ion transporters, not only in its capacity to maintain a steep electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane, but also as a receptor for a family of cardiotonic steroids, to which ouabain belongs. Studies from many groups, performed during the last 15 years, have demonstrated that ouabain, a member of the cardiotonic steroid family, can activate a network of signaling molecules, and that NKA will also serve as a signal transducer that can provide a feedback loop between NKA and the mitochondria. This brief review summarizes the current knowledge and controversies with r...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Aperia, A., Akkuratov, E. E., Fontana, J. M., Brismar, H. Tags: HUGH DAVSON DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE CELL AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY SECTION, 2015 Source Type: research
