miR-958 inhibits Toll signaling and Drosomycin expression via direct targeting of Toll and Dif in Drosophila melanogaster
In this study, we used an in silico strategy in combination with the Gal80ts-Gal4 driver system to identify microRNA-958 (miR-958) as a candidate Toll pathway regulating miRNA in Drosophila. We report that overexpression of miR-958 significantly reduces the expression of Drosomycin, a key antimicrobial peptide involved in Toll signaling and the innate immune response. We further demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that miR-958 targets the Toll and Dif genes, key components of the Toll signaling pathway, to negatively regulate Drosomycin expression. In addition, a miR-958 sponge rescued the expression of Toll and Dif, resultin...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Li, S., Li, Y., Shen, L., Jin, P., Chen, L., Ma, F. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis: a key checkpoint in cancer
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an intracellular signaling network largely controlled by three endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane proteins, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, PRK-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6, that monitor the protein-folding status of the ER and initiate corrective measures to maintain ER homeostasis. Hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, proteasome dysfunction, sustained demands on the secretory pathway or somatic mutations in its client proteins, conditions often encountered by cancer cells, can lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER and cause "ER stress....
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Oakes, S. A. Tags: THEME Source Type: research
Knockdown of PTRF ameliorates adipocyte differentiation and functionality of human mesenchymal stem cells
This study provides evidence that impaired adipocyte functionality can be corrected, at least partially, by PTRF downregulation and warrants further in vivo research in patients with dysfunctional adipose tissue to prevent metabolic complications. (Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - January 10, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Perez-Diaz, S., Garcia-Rodriguez, B., Gonzalez-Irazabal, Y., Valero, M., Lagos-Lizan, J., Arbones-Mainar, J. M. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
miR-11 regulates pupal size of Drosophila melanogaster via directly targeting Ras85D
MicroRNAs play diverse roles in various physiological processes during Drosophila development. In the present study, we reported that miR-11 regulates pupal size during Drosophila metamorphosis via targeting Ras85D with the following evidences: pupal size was increased in the miR-11 deletion mutant; restoration of miR-11 in the miR-11 deletion mutant rescued the increased pupal size phenotype observed in the miR-11 deletion mutant; ectopic expression of miR-11 in brain insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and whole body shows consistent alteration of pupal size; Dilps and Ras85D expressions were negatively regulated by miR-11 in...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - January 10, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Li, Y., Li, S., Jin, P., Chen, L., Ma, F. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are essential for purinergic receptor-mediated angiogenic responses in vasa vasorum endothelial cells
Angiogenesis is an energy-demanding process; however, the role of cellular energy pathways and their regulation by extracellular stimuli, especially extracellular nucleotides, remain largely unexplored. Using metabolic inhibitors of glycolysis (2-deoxyglucose) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) (oligomycin, rotenone, and FCCP), we demonstrate that glycolysis and OXPHOS are both essential for angiogenic responses of vasa vasorum endothelial cell (VVEC). Treatment with P2R agonists, ATP, and 2-methylthioadenosine diphosphate trisodium salt (MeSADP), but not P1 receptor agonist, adenosine, increased glycolytic activity in...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Lapel, M., Weston, P., Strassheim, D., Karoor, V., Burns, N., Lyubchenko, T., Paucek, P., Stenmark, K. R., Gerasimovskaya, E. V. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
NADPH oxidase-2 mediates zinc deficiency-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage
Zn2+ deficiency (ZnD) is comorbid with chronic kidney disease and worsens kidney complications. Oxidative stress is implicated in the detrimental effects of ZnD. However, the sources of oxidative stress continue to be identified. Since NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the primary enzymes that contribute to renal reactive oxygen species generation, this study's objective was to determine the role of these enzymes in ZnD-induced oxidative stress. We hypothesized that ZnD promotes NADPH oxidase upregulation, resulting in oxidative stress and kidney damage. To test this hypothesis, wild-type mice were pair-fed a ZnD or Zn2+-adequate d...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Li, M. S., Adesina, S. E., Ellis, C. L., Gooch, J. L., Hoover, R. S., Williams, C. R. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
CFTR-associated ligand is a negative regulator of Mrp2 expression
The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that transports a wide variety of organic anions across the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The expression of Mrp2 on the plasma membrane is regulated by protein-protein interactions. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-associated ligand (CAL) interacts with transmembrane proteins via its PDZ domain and reduces their cell surface expression by increasing lysosomal degradation and intracellular retention. Our results showed that CAL is localized at the trans-Golgi network of rat hepatocytes. The expression...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Li, M., Soroka, C. J., Harry, K., Boyer, J. L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Functional loss of DHRS7C induces intracellular Ca2+ overload and myotube enlargement in C2C12 cells via calpain activation
Dehydrogenase/reductase member 7C (DHRS7C) is a newly identified NAD/NADH-dependent dehydrogenase that is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle and localized in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). However, its functional role in muscle cells remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of DHRS7C by analyzing mouse C2C12 myoblasts deficient in DHRS7C (DHRS7C-KO cells), overexpressing wild-type DHRS7C (DHRS7C-WT cells), or expressing mutant DHRS7C [DHRS7C-Y191F or DHRS7C-K195Q cells, harboring point mutations in the NAD/NADH-dependent dehydrogenase catalytic core domain (YXXXK)]. DHRS7C expre...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Arai, S., Ikeda, M., Ide, T., Matsuo, Y., Fujino, T., Hirano, K., Sunagawa, K., Tsutsui, H. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Exercise-induced alterations and loss of sarcomeric M-line organization in the diaphragm muscle of obscurin knockout mice
We recently reported that skeletal muscle fibers of obscurin knockout (KO) mice present altered distribution of ankyrin B (ankB), disorganization of the subsarcolemmal microtubules, and reduced localization of dystrophin at costameres. In addition, these mice have impaired running endurance and increased exercise-induced sarcolemmal damage compared with wild-type animals. Here, we report results from a combined approach of physiological, morphological, and structural studies in which we further characterize the skeletal muscles of obscurin KO mice. A detailed examination of exercise performance, using different running pro...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Randazzo, D., Blaauw, B., Paolini, C., Pierantozzi, E., Spinozzi, S., Lange, S., Chen, J., Protasi, F., Reggiani, C., Sorrentino, V. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Hydrogen sulfide, an enhancer of vascular nitric oxide signaling: mechanisms and implications
Nitric oxide (NO) vascular signaling has long been considered an independent, self-sufficient pathway. However, recent data indicate that the novel gaseous mediator, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), serves as an essential enhancer of vascular NO signaling. The current article overviews the multiple levels at which this enhancement takes place. The first level of interaction relates to the formation of biologically active hybrid S/N species and the H2S-induced stimulation of NO release from its various stable "pools" (e.g., nitrite). The next interactions occur on the level of endothelial calcium mobilization and PI3K/Akt signaling,...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Szabo, C. Tags: THEME Source Type: research
Gaso-transmitters: expanding the kinetic universe of cell signaling
(Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Isenberg, J. S., Adams, J. C. Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Corrigendum
(Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Cytology Tags: CORRIGENDUM Source Type: research
Reply to "Letter to the editor: Comments on Stuart et al. (2016): 'Myosin content of individual human muscle fibers isolated by laser capture microdissection"
(Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Stuart, C. A., Brannon, M. F., Stone, W. L., Stone, M. H. Tags: LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research
Letter to the editor: Comments on Stuart et al. (2016): "Myosin content of individual human muscle fibers isolated by laser capture microdissection"
(Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Schiaffino, S., Murgia, M., Leinwand, L. A., Reggiani, C. Tags: LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research
Monitoring of ovarian cancer cell invasion in real time with frequency-dependent impedance measurement
In conclusion, this study demonstrated an improved method for monitoring and studying the interactions between cancer cells and the underlying adherent cells during invasion in real time. Alterations in cellular biophysical properties (Rb, h) associated with cancer transendothelial invasion were detected. (Source: AJP: Cell Physiology)
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Lo, C.-M., Lo, J.-C., Sato, P. Y., Yeung, T.-L., Mok, S. C., Yip, K.-P. Tags: METHODS IN CELL PHYSIOLOGY Source Type: research
