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A day of immersive physiology experiments increases knowledge and excitement towards physiology and scientific careers in Native American students
Underserved minority groups are disproportionately absent from the pursuit of careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. One such underserved population, Native Americans, are particularly underrepresented in STEM fields. Although recent advocacy and outreach designed toward increasing minority involvement in health care-related occupations have been mostly successful, little is known about the efficacy of outreach programs in increasing minority enthusiasm toward careers in traditional scientific professions. Furthermore, very little is known about outreach among Native American schools to...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - February 9, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Becker, B. K., Schiller, A. M., Zucker, I. H., Eager, E. A., Bronner, L. P., Godfrey, M. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

Stop Think: a simple approach to encourage the self-assessment of learning
A simple "stop think" approach was developed to encourage the self-assessment of learning. A key element was the requirement for students to rate their feeling of difficulty before [FOD(pre)] and after [FOD(post)] completing each of three authentic anatomy and physiology concept map exercises. The cohort was divided into low- (group L) and high-performing (group H) groups (based on final subject marks). Both FOD(pre) (group L) and FOD(post) (groups L and H) were significantly negatively correlated with score for some maps. A comparison of FOD(pre) and FOD(post) showed that students changed their mind about difficulty in 58...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - February 9, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Guy, R., Byrne, B., Dobos, M. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

Back to the future! Revisiting the physiological cost of negative work as a team-based activity for exercise physiology students
This study was the first to link human whole body energetics with isolated muscle force-velocity characteristics. The laboratory activity for our students (n = 35) was designed to reenact Abbott et al.’s experiment, integrate previously learned techniques, and illustrate differences in physiological responses to muscle shortening and lengthening contractions. Students (11–12 students/laboratory section) were split into two teams (positive work vs. negative work). One student from each team volunteered to cycle against the other for ~10 min. The remaining students in each team were tasked with measuring: 1) O2 c...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - February 9, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Kilgas, M. A., Elmer, S. J. Tags: SOURCEBOOK OF LABORATORY ACTIVITIES IN PHYSIOLOGY Source Type: research

Best practices in summative assessment
The goal of this review is to highlight key elements underpinning excellent high-stakes summative assessment. This guide is primarily aimed at faculty members with the responsibility of assigning student grades and is intended to be a practical tool to help throughout the process of planning, developing, and deploying tests as well as monitoring their effectiveness. After a brief overview of the criteria for high-quality assessment, the guide runs through best practices for aligning assessment with learning outcomes and compares common testing modalities. Next, the guide discusses the kind of validity evidence needed to su...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - February 9, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Kibble, J. D. Tags: BEST PRACTICES Source Type: research

Teaching a changing paradigm in physiology: a historical perspective on gut interstitial cells
The study and teaching of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology necessitates an understanding of the cellular basis of contractile and electrical coupling behaviors in the muscle layers that comprise the gut wall. Our knowledge of the cellular origin of GI motility has drastically changed over the last 100 yr. While the pacing and coordination of GI contraction was once thought to be solely attributable to smooth muscle cells, it is now widely accepted that the motility patterns observed in the GI tract exist as a result of a multicellular system, consisting of not only smooth muscle cells but also enteric neurons and distinct ...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - February 9, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Drumm, B. T., Baker, S. A. Tags: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Source Type: research

How should repeated gross mistakes in textbooks be treated?
(Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education)
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Letic, M. Tags: LETTER TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research

The value of homemade phantoms for training veterinary students in the ultrasonographic detection of radiolucent foreign bodies
Ingested or penetrating foreign bodies are common in veterinary medicine. When they are radiolucent, these objects become a diagnostic challenge, but they can be investigated sonographically. However, successful object identification depends on the skill of the sonographer. Considering that these cases appear randomly during hospital routines, it is not always possible to train all students to identify them correctly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce homemade simulations of radiolucent foreign bodies for veterinary student demonstrations that could be identified sonographically and to evaluate the acceptabil...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Mariano Beraldo, C., Rondon Lopes, E., Hage, R., Hage, M. C. F. N. S. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

Home-based vs. laboratory-based practical activities in the learning of human physiology: the perception of students
Different tools have been used to facilitate the teaching and learning process in different areas of knowledge. Practical activities represent a form of teaching in which students not only listen to theoretical concepts but are also able to link theory and practice, and their importance in the biological sciences is notable. Sometimes, however, there is neither the time nor the resources to promote laboratory practices in physiology classes. In this sense, home-based practical activities may be an interesting alternative. Here, different approaches of practical activities were used and students’ perceptions of the co...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Neves, B.-H. S., Altermann, C., Goncalves, R., Lara, M. V., Mello-Carpes, P. B. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

Glucose metabolism from mouth to muscle: a student experiment to teach glucose metabolism during exercise and rest
We developed an experiment to help students understand basic regulation of postabsorptive and postprandial glucose metabolism and the availability of energy sources for physical activity in the fed and fasted state. Within a practical session, teams of two or three students (1 subject and 1 or 2 investigators) performed one of three different trials: 1) inactive, in which subjects ingested a glucose solution (75 g in 300 ml of water) and rested in the seated position until the end of the trial; 2) prior activity, in which the subject performed 15 min of walking before glucose ingestion and a subsequent resting phase; and 3...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Engeroff, T., Fleckenstein, J., Banzer, W. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

Institutional and technological barriers to the use of open educational resources (OERs) in physiology and medical education
Open educational resources (OERs) are becoming increasingly common as a tool in education, particularly in medical and biomedical education. However, three key barriers have been identified to their use: 1) lack of awareness of OERs, 2) lack of motivation to use OERs, and 3) lack of training in the use of OERs. Here, we explore these three barriers with teachers of medical and biomedical science to establish how best to enhance the use of OERs to improve pedagogical outcomes. An online survey was completed by 209 educators, many of whom (68.4%) reported using OERs in their teaching and almost all (99.5%) showing awareness ...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Hassall, C., Lewis, D. I. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

A survey of first-year biology student opinions regarding live lectures and recorded lectures as learning tools
A cohort of first-year biology students was surveyed regarding their opinions and viewing habits for live and recorded lectures. Most respondents (87%) attended live lectures as a rule (attenders), with 66% attending more than two-thirds of the lectures. In contrast, only 52% accessed recordings and only 13% viewed more than two-thirds of the available recordings. Respondents regarded lectures as efficient for information delivery (75%), and 89% enjoyed live lectures because they were useful for learning (89%), understanding coursework (94%), and keeping up with the subject (93%). Lecture enjoyment was driven less by enter...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Simcock, D. C., Chua, W. H., Hekman, M., Levin, M. T., Brown, S. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

Medical students vs. family physicians assessment of practical and logical values of pathophysiology multiple-choice questions
Testing strategies can either have a very positive or negative effect on the learning process. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of consistency in evaluating the practicality and logic of questions from a medical school pathophysiology test, between students and family medicine doctors. The study engaged 77 family medicine doctors and 51 students. Ten questions were taken from cardiac pathophysiology and 10 questions from pulmonary pathophysiology, and each question was assessed on the criteria of practicality and logic. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to test the difference between evaluators. On ...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Secic, D., Husremovic, D., Kapur, E., Jatic, Z., Hadziahmetovic, N., Vojnikovic, B., Fajkic, A., Meholjic, A., Bradic, L., Hadzic, A. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

Introductory anatomy and physiology in an undergraduate nursing curriculum
Using an educational data mining approach, first-year academic achievement of undergraduate nursing students, which included two compulsory courses in introductory human anatomy and physiology, was compared with achievement in a final semester course that transitioned students into the workplace. We hypothesized that students could be grouped according to their first-year academic achievement using a two-step cluster analysis method and that grades achieved in the human anatomy and physiology courses would be strong predictors of overall achievement. One cohort that graduated in 2014 (n = 105) and one that graduated in 201...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Brown, S. J., White, S., Power, N. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

Student perceptions and learning outcomes of blended learning in a massive first-year core physiology for allied health subjects
Evidence shows that factors contributing to success in physiology education for allied health students at universities include not only their high school achievement and background but also factors such as confidence with their teachers and quality of their learning experience, justifying intensive and continued survey of students’ perceptions of their learning experience. Here we report data covering a 3-yr period in a physiology subject that has been redesigned for blended and online presentation. Consistent with previous reports, we show that when we undertook a blended mode of delivery, students demonstrated bett...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Page, J., Meehan-Andrews, T., Weerakkody, N., Hughes, D. L., Rathner, J. A. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research

The effectiveness of TBL with real patients in neurology education in terms of knowledge retention, in-class engagement, and learner reactions
This study aimed to compare former lecture-based and the current TBL methods in terms of knowledge retention, in-class learner engagement, and learner reactions. First, we determined in-class engagement and satisfaction of the students for the lectures given in the 2013–2014 academic year. The following year, besides the same criteria, we also determined individual (IRAT) and group readiness test (GRAT) scores in the TBL group. End-of-clerkship exam scores for both groups were recorded. Additionally, opinions of patients about their experiences throughout the TBL process were determined. One year later (2015 for lect...
Source: AJP: Advances in Physiology Education - January 30, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Alimoglu, M. K., Yardım, S., Uysal, H. Tags: HOW WE TEACH Source Type: research