Advances in Pharmacological Sciences This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Activity Assay of Clove Mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.) Leaves Extracts.
Authors: Elsyana V, Bintang M, Priosoeryanto BP Abstract Clove mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.) is a semiparasitic plant that belongs to Loranthaceae family. Clove mistletoe was traditionally used for cancer treatment in Indonesia. In the present study, we examined cytotoxicity of clove mistletoe leaves extracts against brine shrimps and conducted their antiproliferative activity on K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia) and MCM-B2 (canine benign mixed mammary) cancer cell lines in vitro. The tested samples were water extract, ethanol extract, ethanol fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - April 23, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

The Influence of Palatable Diets in Reward System Activation: A Mini Review.
Authors: de Macedo IC, de Freitas JS, da Silva Torres IL Abstract The changes in eating patterns that have occurred in recent decades are an important cause of obesity. Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by a complex neural system involving the hypothalamic centers and peripheral satiety system (gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones). Highly palatable and caloric food disrupts appetite regulation; however, palatable foods induce pleasure and reward. The cafeteria diet is such a palatable diet and has been shown consistently to increase body weight and induce hyperplasia in animal obesity ...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - April 20, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Pharmacokinetics of Immediate and Sustained Release Cephalexin Administered by Different Routes to Llamas (Lama glama).
Authors: Kreil V, Ambros L, Prados AP, Tarragona L, Monfrinotti A, Bramuglia G, Rebuelto M Abstract We investigate the pharmacokinetics of two different cephalexin formulations administered to llamas by the intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) routes, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cephalexin against some Escherichia coli and staphylococci isolated from llamas, and we apply the PK/PD modelling approach, so that effective dosage recommendations for this species could be made. Six llamas received immediate (10 mg/kg, IV, IM, and SC) and sustained (8 mg/kg IM, SC) rel...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Protective Role of Ramipril and Candesartan against Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: A Biochemical and Transmission Electron Microscopical Study.
Authors: Sheik Uduman MS, Reddy RB, Punuru P, Chakka G, Karunakaran G Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the role of combined administration of Ramipril and Candesartan against in vitro myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury in rat. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups (n = 6) and treated with saline (10 mL/kg), Ramipril (2 mg/kg), Candesartan (1 mg/kg), and the combination of both drugs, respectively 24 h before induction of global ischemia (5 min of stabilization, 9 min of global ischemia, and 12 min of reflow). Combination of Ramipril and Candesartan wh...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - April 5, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Gender Difference in Renal Blood Flow Response to Angiotensin II Administration after Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats: The Role of AT2 Receptor.
Conclusion. The impact of the AT2R on vascular responses to Ang II in renal I/R injury appears to be sexually dimorphic. PD123319 infusion promotes these hemodynamic responses in female more than in male rats. PMID: 27034657 [PubMed] (Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences)
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - April 2, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Cytotoxic Activity of Holothuria leucospilota Extract against Leishmania infantum In Vitro.
Authors: Khademvatan S, Eskandari A, Saki J, Foroutan-Rad M Abstract Leishmaniasis is a tropical parasitic infection. The resistance and toxicity issues are the major complications and remain significant consequences related to the treatment of leishmaniasis with the recent and classical drugs. Thus there is an immediate requirement to develop new compounds for the treatment of this protozoan disease. Sea cucumbers or holothurians are potentially presented as the marine sources of antimicrobial and cytotoxic compounds. The aim of this study was investigation of in vitro antileishmanial activity of methanol...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - March 30, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Potential Effects of Silymarin and Its Flavonolignan Components in Patients with β-Thalassemia Major: A Comprehensive Review in 2015.
Authors: Darvishi Khezri H, Salehifar E, Kosaryan M, Aliasgharian A, Jalali H, Hadian Amree A Abstract Major β-thalassemia (β-TM) is one of the most common inherited hemolytic types of anemia which is caused as a result of absent or reduced synthesis of β-globin chains of hemoglobin. This defect results in red blood cells lysis and chronic anemia that can be treated by multiple blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. Without iron chelation therapy, iron overload will cause lots of complications in patients. Antioxidant components play an important role in the treatment of the disease. Silymarin i...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - March 23, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Involvement of Inflammatory Cytokines in Antiarrhythmic Effects of Clofibrate in Ouabain-Induced Arrhythmia in Isolated Rat Atria.
Authors: Moradi S, Nikoui V, Imran Khan M, Amiri S, Jazaeri F, Bakhtiarian A Abstract Considering the cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of clofibrate, the aim of the present experiment was to investigate the involvement of local and systemic inflammatory cytokines in possible antiarrhythmic effects of clofibrate in ouabain-induced arrhythmia in rats. Rats were orally treated with clofibrate (300 mg/kg), and ouabain (0.56 mg/kg) was administered to animals intraperitoneally. After induction of anesthesia, the atria were isolated and the onset of arrhythmia and asystole was recorded. The ...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - March 17, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Methanolic Extract of Ceplukan Leaf (Physalis minima L.) Attenuates Ventricular Fibrosis through Inhibition of TNF-α in Ovariectomized Rats.
This study showed that prolonged hypoestrogen increases ventricular fibrosis (p < 0.05). Ceplukan leaf treatment also resulted in a decrease of ventricular fibrosis and TNF-α level in dose dependent manner compared to without treatment group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the TNF-α level was normalized in 2500 mg/kgBW Physalis minima L. (p < 0.05) treatment. The reduction of fibrosis positively correlated with TNF-α level (p < 0.05, r = 0.873). Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf decreases ventricular fibrosis through the inhibition of ventricular TNF-α level in ovariectomized rats. PMID: 26941790 [Pub...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - March 5, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Protective Effect of Diospyros kaki against Glucose-Oxygen-Serum Deprivation-Induced PC12 Cells Injury.
Authors: Forouzanfar F, Torabi S, Askari VR, Asadpour E, Sadeghnia HR Abstract Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Recent interests have been focused on natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents as potentially useful neuroprotective agents. Diospyros kaki (persimmon) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antineoplastic effects. However, its effects on ischemic damage have not been evaluated. Here, we used an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia and studied the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of peel (PeHE) and fruit pulp (P...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - March 5, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

A Review on Potential Mechanisms of Terminalia chebula in Alzheimer's Disease.
Authors: Afshari AR, Sadeghnia HR, Mollazadeh H Abstract The current management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and NMDA receptor antagonists, although outcomes are not completely favorable. Hence, novel agents found in herbal plants are gaining attention as possible therapeutic alternatives. The Terminalia chebula (Family: Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of medicinal properties and is reported to contain various biochemicals such as hydrolysable tannins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, so it may prove to be a good therapeutic alte...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - March 5, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

In Vitro Study on Glucose Utilization Capacity of Bioactive Fractions of Houttuynia cordata in Isolated Rat Hemidiaphragm and Its Major Phytoconstituent.
Conclusions. The augmentation in glucose uptake by hemidiaphragm in presence of AQ and EA fractions may be attributed to the presence of quercetin, which was found to be 7.1 and 3.2% w/w, respectively, in both the fractions. PMID: 26925100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences)
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - March 2, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Effects of Curcumin on Parameters of Myocardial Oxidative Stress and of Mitochondrial Glutathione Turnover in Reoxygenation after 60 Minutes of Hypoxia in Isolated Perfused Working Guinea Pig Hearts.
Authors: Ilyas EI, Nur BM, Laksono SP, Bahtiar A, Estuningtyas A, Vitasyana C, Kusmana D, Suyatna FD, Tadjudin MK, Freisleben HJ Abstract In cardiovascular surgery ischemia-reperfusion injury is a challenging problem, which needs medical intervention. We investigated the effects of curcumin on cardiac, myocardial, and mitochondrial parameters in perfused isolated working Guinea pig hearts. After preliminary experiments to establish the model, normoxia was set at 30 minutes, hypoxia was set at 60, and subsequent reoxygenation was set at 30 minutes. Curcumin was applied in the perfusion buffer at 0.25 and 0....
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - February 24, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Crude Aloe vera Gel Shows Antioxidant Propensities and Inhibits Pancreatic Lipase and Glucose Movement In Vitro.
Authors: Taukoorah U, Mahomoodally MF Abstract Aloe vera gel (AVG) is traditionally used in the management of diabetes, obesity, and infectious diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of AVG against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Enzyme kinetic studies using Michaelis-Menten (K m ) and Lineweaver-Burk equations were used to establish the type of inhibition. The antioxidant capacity of AVG was evaluated for its ferric reducing power, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate scavenging ability, nitric oxide scavenging power, and xanthine oxid...
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - February 18, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Development of an Experimental Model of Diabetes Co-Existing with Metabolic Syndrome in Rats.
Conclusion. The present study has developed a unique rodent model of metabolic syndrome, with diabetes as an essential component. PMID: 26880906 [PubMed] (Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences)
Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences - February 18, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Adv Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research