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Risk stratification and definitive hemostasis of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding with blood flow detection and combination techniques
Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal (UGI) hemorrhage remains a significant health and economic burden. As the use of urgent endoscopy for UGI hemorrhage has increased, there has been a decline in associated mortality. Endoscopic hemostasis is based on risk stratification of stigmata of recent hemorrhage. A Doppler endoscopic probe (DEP) can provide further risk stratification by detecting arterial blood flow under the lesion and as a guide to successful endoscopic treatment. Standard treatment options for endoscopic hemostasis include submucosal injection therapy usually in combination with either thermal coagulation or th...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 8, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kevin A. Ghassemi, Dennis M. Jensen Source Type: research

Non-variceal upper GI bleeding refractory to endoscopy: The role of interventional radiology and surgery
Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a common and life-threatening emergency. Despite optimal endoscopic and pharmacological therapy 8 –10% of patients continue to bleed or develop rebleeding. Surgery has been the traditional salvage treatment in these patients. However, surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In the past few decades, trans-arterial embolization (TAE) has emerged as a promising non-operativ e alternative to surgery. High technical (69–100%) and clinical success rate (63–97%) were reported. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 8, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Shannon Melissa Chan, James Yun Wong Lau Source Type: research

Hemostatic sprays to control active non-variceal upper GI bleeding
As non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains a critical health concern, there is a need for ongoing optimization of endoscopic hemostasis modalities. Current methods for endoscopic hemostasis include epinephrine injection, thermal coagulation and mechanical clips. While these modalities have proven efficacy, there are limitations to their use, including significant learning curves and the requirement of expert assistants. Moreover, there still remains an ongoing risk of rebleeding post-therapy. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 8, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Neal Shahidi, Robert Enns Source Type: research

Mechanical methods to endoscopically treat non-variceal upper GI bleeding
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a frequent condition worldwide. The most common causes of acute non-variceal UGIB include ulcers and non-ulcer etiology, such as mucosal erosive disease, Mallory –Weiss tear, Dieulafoy and other vascular lesions. Today patients are older and more likely to have comorbidities and concomitant treatments: anticoagulants, antiplatelet agent, low dose aspirin or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In these patients with UGIB the re-bleeding risk, need for surger y and mortality rates are higher. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 8, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Livio Cipolletta, Fabio Cipolletta, Clelia Marmo, Roberto Piscopo, Gianluca Rotondano, Riccardo Marmo Tags: SI: Endoscopic Management of Nonvariceal Upper GI Bleeding Source Type: research

Argon plasma coagulation and radiofrequency ablation in non-variceal upper GI bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common causes of emergency room visits worldwide and represents a significant public health problem in many countries. Endoscopy plays a major role in the diagnosis and treatment of UGIB. Endoscopic hemostasis of peptic ulcer bleeding is preferably achieved by the combination of injection with contact thermal methods or mechanical methods. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a non-contact thermal method of hemostasis that has been employed to treat bleeding angioectasia. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 8, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ernesto Quaresma Mendonca, Joel Fernandez de Oliveira, Fauze Maluf-Filho Source Type: research

Endoscopic bariatric procedures: Assessment of postintervention safety and success
Morbid obesity has become one of the largest health care crises facing modern medicine. Medical intervention alone has proven inadequate in addressing this issue. Although bariatric surgery has been proven to be the most effective treatment for the medical comorbidities associated with morbid obesity, only a fraction of obese patients will undergo bariatric surgery owing to fear, financial restraint, and limited access to surgical expertise. There exists a void for which endoscopic therapies can provide substantial improvements in the care of the morbidly obese patient. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 8, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Amanda M. Johner, Kevin M. Reavis Source Type: research

Endoscopic Bariatric Procedures: Assessment of Post-Intervention Safety and Success
Morbid obesity has become one of the largest health care crises facing modern medicine. Medical intervention alone has proven inadequate in addressing this issue. While bariatric surgery has been proven to be the most effective treatment for the medical comorbidities associated with morbid obesity, only a fraction of obese patients will undergo bariatric surgery due to fear, financial restraint and limited access to surgical expertise. There exists a void for which endoscopic therapies can provide substantial improvements in the care of the morbidly obese patient. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 7, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Amanda M. Johner, Kevin M. Reavis Tags: SI: Endoscopic Bariatric Procedures: Considerations and Expe Source Type: research

Current paradigms in the etiology of obesity
The global prevalence of obesity continues to rise at an alarming rate and 37.7% of US adults are obese. Understanding the causes of excessive weight gain is extremely important as it paves the way for the development of new therapies to control this epidemic. Obesity is a heterogeneous chronic disease where multiple factors interact to produce a state of positive energy balance leading to an increase in body weight. This review focuses on the major biological, environmental and behavioral determinants of obesity. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 6, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Hoda C. Kadouh, Andres Acosta Source Type: research

Preface
Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common reasons for admission to the hospital and is responsible for more than 300,000 admissions per year in the United States. Although there have been many advances in endoscopy, medicine, radiology and surgery, UGIB has a significant associated morbidity and a mortality commonly estimated between 5 to 14%. Patients who have an UGIB now are older, have more comorbidities and are more likely to be using medications associated with GI bleeding or medications which worsen GI bleeding, such as anti-coagulants and anti-thrombotic agents. (Source: Technique...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 6, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: John R. Saltzman Source Type: research

Novel endoscopic bariatric therapies: A glimpse into the future
The management of obesity generally consists of lifestyle interventions, which are often inadequate, or invasive surgery, that carries a high cost and strict eligibility requirements. The recent rise of endoscopic bariatric interventions has the potential to provide a minimally invasive, cost-effective, and reversible option for patients. Although a few of these therapies have already gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, many more are in various stages of development and clinical trials. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 5, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Sanjay Salgado, Marvin Ryou Source Type: research

Novel endoscopic bariatric therapies. A glimpse into the future
The management of obesity generally consists of lifestyle interventions, which are often inadequate, or invasive surgery, which carries a high cost and strict eligibility requirements. The recent rise of endoscopic bariatric interventions has the potential to provide a minimally invasive, cost-effective, and reversible option for patients. While a few of these therapies have already gained FDA approval, many more are in various stages of development and clinical trials. These methods utilize a wide array of techniques, including reducing gastric capacity, limiting absorption, duodenal mucosal resurfacing, and creating inte...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 5, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Sanjay Salgado, Marvin Ryou Source Type: research

Gastric endoscopic remodeling techniques
The stomach has been an obvious target for endoscopic remodeling in order to facilitate weight loss. Success is shaped by many challenges that must be addressed. The key challenges include mimicking or improving upon existing (permanent) surgical therapies, recognizing the body ′s response to foreign objects and materials and understanding the neuroenteric pathway as it relates to meals, hunger, satiation, and satiety. Early remodeling efforts failed because of technical limitations and limited understanding of the physiology of weight loss applied to the stomach. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 5, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Barham Abu Dayyeh, Elizabeth Rajan, Christopher J. Gostout Source Type: research

Small intestinal interventions including barriers, duodenal mucosal resurfacing, and other small bowel strategies
Bariatric surgery has revolutionized obesity treatment. There remains, however, a large demand for less invasive and potentially cheaper or even reversible procedures that impart a similar effect on obesity and its ′ related co-morbidities. Endoluminal Bariatric Therapies (EBT), such as endoluminal sleeves or barriers, duodenal mucosal resurfacing technology, and magnetic anastomoses may emerge to fill this gap. To date their safety profiles and the reported success with regards to both weight loss and diabe tes control have proven favorable, yet need to be further studied prior to widespread adoption. (Source: Technique...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 2, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Cynthia E. Weber, Eric Marcotte, Bipan Chand Source Type: research

New and emerging technologies to endoscopically manage nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
A subset of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding either fails or is deemed unsuitable for standard endoscopic hemostatic therapy. Newer endoscopic and endosonographic techniques have been developed to offer an alternative treatment and potentially improve patient outcome for the difficult-to-treat lesions. These alternative therapies include over-the-scope clip devices, radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, hemostatic sprays, endoscopic suturing, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided angiotherapy. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - November 16, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Larissa L. Fujii-Lau, Louis M. Wong Kee Song, Michael J. Levy Source Type: research

New and emerging technologies to endoscopically manage non-variceal upper gi bleeding
A subset of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NV-UGIB) either fail or are deemed unsuitable for standard endoscopic hemostatic therapy. Newer endoscopic and endosonographic techniques have been developed to offer an alternative treatment and potentially improve patient outcomefor the difficult to treat lesions. These alternative therapies include over-the-scope clip devices, radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, hemostatic sprays, endoscopic suturing, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided angiotherapy. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - November 16, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Larissa L. Fujii-Lau, Louis M. Wong Kee Song, Michael J. Levy Source Type: research