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Endoscopic treatment of Zenker diverticulum
Abstract: Zenker diverticulum (ZD) is uncommon and is an outpouching of the mucosa through the Killian triangle. The basis of formation and symptomatology of ZD is believed to be because of the dysfunction of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Treatment is indicated when symptoms of dysphagia occur as progressive disease can lead to life-threatening aspiration. Treatment has evolved from surgical diverticulectomy and diverticulopexy with myotomy to myotomy alone using rigid or flexible endoscopes. Flexible endoscopic therapy is becoming more accepted, though no standardized approach exists to expose the septum (cricopharyngeus mu...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - January 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Todd H. Baron Source Type: research

Removal and management of esophageal foreign bodies
Abstract: Esophageal foreign bodies and food bolus impaction occur frequently and are a common endoscopic emergency. Though the vast majority of gastrointestinal (GI) bodies do not result in serious clinical sequelae or mortality, it has been estimated that 1500-2750 patients die annually in the United States because of the ingestion of foreign bodies. More recent studies have suggested the mortality from GI foreign bodies to be significantly lower, with no deaths reported in over 850 adults and 1 death in approximately 2200 children with a GI foreign body. As a result of the frequency of this problem and the rare but poss...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - January 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Patrick R. Pfau Source Type: research

Esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis
Abstract: Solid-food dysphagia and food impaction are the hallmark symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and are a result of subepithelial fibrosis, leading to esophageal stricture formation and loss of compliance of the esophagus. This fibrosis can be mechanically disrupted by esophageal dilation, which leads to a significant improvement in dysphagia in more than 80% of patients. The esophageal mucosa is quite fragile in patients with EoE, and dilation frequently leads to deep mucosal tears. The risk of esophageal perforation with dilation in EoE is likely increased over that seen with dilation in other benign esopha...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - January 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jeffrey A. Alexander Source Type: research

Endoscopic assessment of eosinophilic esophagitis
Abstract: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathologic, inflammatory disease of the esophagus with increasing prevalence. In adults, the condition presents with dysphagia and may result in food impaction. There are a number of endoscopic findings in patients with EoE that include esophageal rings, linear furrowing, white plaques, strictures, and edema. Although individually each of these features may be seen in other esophageal diseases; when combined they have a high specificity for the pathologic finding of esophageal eosinophilia. Prospective studies have identified the presence of endoscopically identified, es...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - January 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Robert T. Kavitt, Ikuo Hirano Source Type: research

Botulinum toxin and pneumatic dilation in the treatment of achalasia
Abstract: Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by complete absence of peristalsis in the esophageal smooth muscle and a functional esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction. Treatment is directed at improving this outflow obstruction with the goal of improving symptoms in an incurable disease. Multiple treatment options are available to meet this goal. Long-term success can be achieved with effective use of endoscopic pneumatic dilation. In the appropriate patient, botulinum toxin injection can afford short-term relief. This review addresses the use of and techniques for performing these therapies ...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - January 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Anand R. Kumar, Felice H. Schnoll-Sussman, Philip O. Katz Source Type: research

Masthead
(Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - January 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of inlet patch: Justification, techniques, and results
Esophageal gastric inlet patches (EGIPs) comprise an island of heterotopic gastric columnar epithelium in the cervical esophagus with a reported prevalence of up to 10%. Usually the diagnosis is made by chance in the course of an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. After histopathologic examination EGIPs can be classified as oxyntic (mucosal glands contain parietal cells), mucoid type (mucosa is composed solely of glands with mucous cells), or mixed type (presence of both: glands with parietal cells and glands of mucous cells). (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 30, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Monther Bajbouj, Alexander Meining, Roland M. Schmid Source Type: research

Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Inlet Patch: Justification, techniques and results
(Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 30, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Monther Bajbouj, Alexander Meining, Roland M. Schmid Source Type: research

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of inlet patch: Justification, techniques, and results
Abstract: Esophageal gastric inlet patches (EGIPs) comprise an island of heterotopic gastric columnar epithelium in the cervical esophagus with a reported prevalence of up to 10%. Usually the diagnosis is made by chance in the course of an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. After histopathologic examination EGIPs can be classified as oxyntic (mucosal glands contain parietal cells), mucoid type (mucosa is composed solely of glands with mucous cells), or mixed type (presence of both: glands with parietal cells and glands of mucous cells). Despite their overall low incidence of clinically relevant conditions, EGIPs seem to be ...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 30, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Monther Bajbouj, Alexander Meining, Roland M. Schmid Source Type: research

Preface
Although “potpourri” refers to a mixture or collection of unrelated items, the subject matters found in this volume of Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy are anything but unrelated. In essence, these articles illustrate the diverse and innovative techniques used to diagnose and treat a number of important esophageal disorders. In the first article, Dr Richard Wood, from Duke University, discusses the novel uses of capsule endoscopy for imaging the esophagus and the benefits of the Bravo catheterless esophageal pH monitoring system for the diagnosis of GERD. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 23, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: David A. Katzka Source Type: research

Preface to Esophageal Potpourri
(Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 23, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: David A. Katzka Source Type: research

Preface
Although “potpourri” refers to a mixture or collection of unrelated items, the subject matters found in this volume of Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy are anything but unrelated. In essence, these articles illustrate the diverse and innovative techniques used to diagnose and treat a number of important esophageal disorders. In the first article, Dr Richard Wood, from Duke University, discusses the novel uses of capsule endoscopy for imaging the esophagus and the benefits of the Bravo catheterless esophageal pH monitoring system for the diagnosis of GERD. A new device, called the EndoFLIP, is also discussed as ...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 23, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: David A. Katzka Source Type: research

Endoscopic therapies for acute esophageal perforations and leaks
Esophageal perforation is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality. Management is optimized by prompt recognition and intervention in the context of a multidisciplinary approach. Specific treatment is dependent upon several factors, including clinical status, type and location of perforation, concomitant esophageal pathology, time delay to intervention, and available expertise. From a technical perspective, the principles of therapy include perforation closure, diversion, and drainage. (Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 12, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jay Yuan, Esha Baichoo, Louis M. Wong Kee Song Source Type: research

Endoscopic Therapies for Acute Esophageal Perforations and Leaks
(Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 12, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jay Yuan, Esha Baichoo, Louis M. Wong Kee Song Source Type: research

Endoscopic therapies for acute esophageal perforations and leaks
Abstract: Esophageal perforation is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality. Management is optimized by prompt recognition and intervention in the context of a multidisciplinary approach. Specific treatment is dependent upon several factors, including clinical status, type and location of perforation, concomitant esophageal pathology, time delay to intervention, and available expertise. From a technical perspective, the principles of therapy include perforation closure, diversion, and drainage. Minimally invasive endoluminal therapy, including clips, stents, endoscopic suturing, and vacuum-assisted sponge the...
Source: Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy - December 12, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jay Yuan, Esha Baichoo, Louis M. Wong Kee Song Source Type: research