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A Prospective Study to Investigate Predictors of Relapse among Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Treated with Methadone
Introduction: Concomitant opioid abuse is a serious problem among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid use disorder. This is an exploratory study that aims to identify predictors of the length of time a patient receiving MMT for opioid use disorder remains abstinent (relapse-free). Methods: Data were collected from 250 MMT patients enrolled in addiction treatment clinics across Southern Ontario. The impact of certain clinical and socio-demographic factors on the outcome (time until opioid relapse) was determined using a Cox proportional hazard model. Results: History of injecting drug use b...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - April 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Leen Naji Brittany B. Dennis Monica Bawor Carolyn Plater Guillaume Pare Andrew Worster Michael Varenbut Jeff Daiter David C. Marsh Dipika Desai Lehana Thabane Zainab Samaan Source Type: research

A Prospective Study to Investigate Predictors of Relapse among Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Treated with Methadone
Conclusion: This study helps to identify patients at increased risk of relapse during MMT, allowing health care providers to target more aggressive adjunct therapies toward high-risk patients. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - April 9, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Leen NajiBrittany B. DennisMonica BaworCarolyn PlaterGuillaume PareAndrew WorsterMichael VarenbutJeff DaiterDavid C. MarshDipika DesaiLehana ThabaneZainab Samaan Source Type: research

A Pilot Test of a Mobile App for Drug Court Participants
The U.S. criminal justice system refers more people to substance abuse treatment than any other system. Low treatment completion rates and high relapse rates among addicted offenders highlight the need for better substance use disorder treatment and recovery tools. Mobile health applications (apps) may fill that need by providing continuous support. In this pilot test, 30 participants in a Massachusetts drug court program used A-CHESS, a mobile app for recovery support and relapse prevention, over a four-month period. Over the course of the study period, participants opened A-CHESS on average of 62% of the days that they h...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - February 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Kimberly JohnsonStephanie RichardsMing-Yuan ChihTae Joon MoonHilary CurtisDavid H. Gustafson Source Type: research

Harm Experienced from the Heavy Drinking of Family and Friends in the General Population: A Comparative Study of Six Northern European Countries
Conclusion: This study revealed large differences in the prevalence of harm across the study countries, as well as by gender and age, but the differences do not match the variation in population drinking and other indicators of harm. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - February 3, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Mats RamstedtErica SundinInger Synnøve MoanElisabet E. StorvollIngunn Olea LundKim BloomfieldAnn HopeSveinbjörn KristjánssonChristoffer Tigerstedt Source Type: research

Interactive Effects of the BIS and the BAS on Trajectories of Alcohol Misuse after University Graduation
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory predicts that those with a strong behavioral inhibition system (BIS) likely experience considerable anxiety and uncertainty during the transition out of university. Accordingly, they may continue to drink heavily to cope during this time (a period associated with normative reductions in heavy drinking), but only if they also have a strong behavioral approach system (BAS) to enhance the anxiolytic effects of drinking. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis. Participants completed online measures prior to and at 3-month intervals over the course of the year following graduation...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - January 24, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Matthew T. KeoughRoisin M. O'Connor Source Type: research

Reciprocal Effects of Internalizing and Oppositional Defiance Symptoms on Heavy Drinking and Alcohol-Related Harms in Young Adulthood
There is a need for longitudinal research to understand how psychopathology relates to the onset and maintenance of substance use from adolescence into young adulthood. Hence, we investigate the longitudinal, reciprocal influences of internalizing (anxiety and depression) and externalizing (oppositional defiance) symptoms on heavy episodic drinking (HED; ≥5 drinks per occasion) and alcohol-related harms in a community-based sample of youth aged 12–27 years. Participants were chosen from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey, followed six times, biennially between 2003 and 2013 (N = 662). Analyses used cross-lagged panel mo...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - January 21, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Kara D. ThompsonBonnie J. LeadbeaterMegan E. Ames Source Type: research

How Well Do Survey Studies Capture Alcohol’s Harm to Others?
This study addresses some of the problems and challenges in using survey data for this purpose. Such problems include the limited capacity of population surveys in identifying infrequent harm and long-term consequences of drinking. Moreover, the drinker may report the alcohol-related harm or the person being harmed may report the damage. However, irrespective of who reports the harm, causal attribution to drinking is problematic. Challenges for future population surveys to address alcohol’s harm to others include the need for improved models and understanding of complex mechanisms to guide empirical studies within the br...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - January 20, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Ingeborg Rossow Source Type: research

Keeping Mind in Mind: Mentalizing and Executive Functioning in Substance-Abusing Infant Mothers: Effect on Dyadic Relationship and Infant Outcome
Although it is well documented that maternal substance abuse has a negative effect on the mother–child interaction, less is known about the pathways through which the interaction is compromised. The main objective of this research proposal is to describe an ongoing research project that focuses on associations between maternal executive function and the quality of mother–infant interaction when the mother has a history of substance abuse. We will also investigate the effects of multiple variables, including maternal relationship experiences, personality disposition, parental stress, comorbid mental illness, and addicti...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - January 19, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Ulrika HåkanssonAstrid HalsaKerstin SöderströmFinn SkårderudMerete Glenne Øie Source Type: research

Parental Support, Mental Health, and Alcohol and Marijuana Use in National and High-Risk African-American Adolescent Samples
This study examines the role of parental support in adolescents' conduct problems (CPs), depressive symptoms (DSs), and alcohol and marijuana use in a national sample and a high-risk sample of African-American adolescents. In both samples, parental support was inversely related to adolescent CPs, DSs, and alcohol and marijuana use. CPs, but not DSs, partially mediated the relation of parental support to substance use. Results were consistent across the national and high-risk samples, suggesting that the protective effect of parental support applies to African-American adolescents from a range of demographic backgrounds. (S...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - January 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Julie MaslowskyJohn SchulenbergLisa M. ChiodoJohn H. HanniganMark K. GreenwaldJames JanisseRobert J. SokolVirginia Delaney-Black Source Type: research

Effect of Prepregnancy Alcohol Consumption on Postpartum Relationship Satisfaction and Divorce among Norwegian Mothers
This study assessed the effect of prepregnancy level of alcohol use among mothers on relationship breakups with young children at 36 months after birth and the extent to which relationship satisfaction (RS) throughout the postpartum period could mediate any association between alcohol use and divorce. The data were part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, and analyses of the present article were based on a total of 69,117 mothers divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk consumption groups. All the three groups experienced a decrease in RS, but the largest effect was observed for the high-risk group. Mothers in...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - December 21, 2015 Category: Addiction Authors: Sonja MellingenTorbjørn TorsheimFrode Thuen Source Type: research

A Cohort Study on Long-Term Adverse Effects of Parental Drinking: Background and Study Design
Although many studies have addressed adverse outcomes in children of parents with alcohol abuse/dependence, less is known about the possible long-term effects of more normative patterns of parental alcohol consumption, including drinking at lower risk levels and heavy episodic or binge drinking. The extent of harm from parental drinking may therefore be underestimated. With this research proposal, we describe a project that aims to assess possible long-term adverse effects of parental drinking by combining survey and nationwide registry data. Advantages of a longitudinal general population cohort design include that it all...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - December 15, 2015 Category: Addiction Authors: Ingunn Olea LundAnne BuktenElisabet E. StorvollInger Synnøve MoanSvetlana SkurtveitMarte HandalTrond NordfjærnGeir Scott BrunborgIngeborg Rossow Source Type: research

Establishment of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority Resource Center for Children with Prenatal Alcohol/Drug Exposure
This paper presents a new initiative in the South-Eastern Health Region of Norway to establish a regional resource center focusing on services for children and adolescents aged 2–18 years with prenatal exposure to alcohol or other drugs. In Norway, the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum (FAS) is not known but has been estimated to be between 1 and 2 children per 1000 births, while the prevalence of prenatal exposure to illicit drugs is unknown. The resource center is the first of its kind in Scandinavia and will have three main objectives: (1) provide hospital staff, community health and child welfare personnel, and sp...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - December 6, 2015 Category: Addiction Authors: Gro C. C. LøhaugenMarianne Møretrø FlakThorsten GerstnerCato SundbergBjørn LerdalJon Skranes Source Type: research

The Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study & ndash; Design and Implementation of a National Survey and Prospective Cohort Study
This study describes the design, procedures, and implementation of the ongoing NorMA study and provides an outline of the initial data. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - November 30, 2015 Category: Addiction Authors: Anne Bukten Ingunn Olea Lund Eline Borger Rognli Marianne Riksheim Stavseth Philipp Lobmaier Svetlana Skurtveit Thomas Clausen and Nikolaj Kun øe Source Type: research

The Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study – Design and Implementation of a National Survey and Prospective Cohort Study
This study describes the design, procedures, and implementation of the ongoing NorMA study and provides an outline of the initial data. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - November 30, 2015 Category: Addiction Authors: Anne BuktenIngunn Olea LundEline Borger RognliMarianne Riksheim StavsethPhilipp LobmaierSvetlana SkurtveitThomas Clausenand Nikolaj Kunøe Source Type: research