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Residential Mobility, Transience, Depression, and Marijuana Use Initiation Among Adolescents and Young Adults
This study used data from the 2010-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to evaluate the association between residential mobility (no mobility, low mobility, high mobility ie, transience), and major depressive episode(s) (MDE) on marijuana initiation among adolescents (12-17) and young adults (18-20). Age-stratified logistic regression models indicated that among 12- to 13-year-old adolescents, mobility in the past 5 years and past year MDE have a multiplicative effect on the odds of past year marijuana initiation. Among adolescents aged 14 to 15 years, both mobility and MDE were independently associated with mar...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - May 29, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Cristie Glasheen Valerie L Forman-Hoffman Jason Williams Source Type: research

Interactions of Cannabinoids With Biochemical Substrates
Recent decades have seen much progress in the identification and characterization of cannabinoid receptors and the elucidation of the mechanisms by which derivatives of the Cannabis sativa plant bind to receptors and produce their physiological and psychological effects. The information generated in this process has enabled better understanding of the fundamental physiological and psychological processes controlled by the central and peripheral nervous systems and has fostered the development of natural and synthetic cannabinoids as therapeutic agents. A negative aspect of this decades-long effort is the proliferation of c...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - May 29, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Brian F Thomas Source Type: research

Doctor Shopping Behavior and the Diversion of Prescription Opioids
Conclusions: Diversion control efforts have likely been effective. But given increases in opioid-related deaths, opioid-related drug treatment admissions, and the more specific resurgence of heroin-related events, it is clear that additional public health measures are required. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - April 11, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Ronald. Simeone Source Type: research

Vaping Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Novel Preclinical Model of E-Cigarette Use in Mice
This study evaluated a novel e-cigarette device that delivers aerosolized cannabinoids to mice. The effects of aerosolized and injected synthetic cannabinoids (CP 55,940, AB-CHMINACA, XLR-11, and JWH-018) in mice were compared in a battery of bioassays in which psychoactive cannabinoids produce characteristic effects. The most potent cannabinoids (CP 55,940 and AB-CHMINACA) produced the full cannabinoid profile (ie, hypothermia, hypolocomotion, and analgesia), regardless of the route of administration. In contrast, aerosolized JWH-018 and XLR-11 did not produce the full profile of cannabimimetic effects. Results of time co...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - April 7, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Timothy W. Lefever Julie A. Marusich Brian F. Thomas Daniel G. Barrus Nicholas C. Peiper Richard C. Kevin Jenny L. Wiley Source Type: research

“Don’t Judge a Book by Its Cover”: A Qualitative Study of Methadone Patients’ Experiences of Stigma
Conclusion: Stigma is a widespread and serious issue that adversely affects MMT patients’ quality of life and treatment. More efforts are needed to combat MMT-related stigma. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - March 23, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Julia. Woo Anuja. Bhalerao Monica. Bawor Meha. Bhatt Brittany. Dennis Natalia. Mouravska Laura. Zielinski Zainab. Samaan Source Type: research

Quality of Caregiving in Mothers With Illicit Substance Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Conclusions: Compromised quality of caregiving is found in high-risk, substance-misusing mothers, emphasising the importance of early intervention that draws from attachment-based interventions. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - March 13, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Denise. Hatzis Sharon. Dawe Paul. Harnett Jane. Barlow Source Type: research

Prior Delinquency and Depression Differentially Predict Conditional Associations Between Discrete Patterns of Adolescent Religiosity and Adult Alcohol Use Patterns
Prior research has demonstrated that adolescent delinquency and depression are prospectively related to adult alcohol use and that adolescent religiosity may influence these relationships. However, such associations have not been investigated using person-centered approaches that provide nuanced explorations of these constructs. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examined whether adolescent delinquency and depression differentiated typologies of adult alcohol users and whether these relationships varied across religiosity profiles. Three typologies of self-identified Christian...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - February 13, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Meredith A. Hoyland Wade C. Rowatt Shawn J. Latendresse Source Type: research

Gender Comparison in Referrals and Treatment Completion to Residential and Outpatient Alcohol Treatment
Conclusions: Women seem to have treatment completion rates comparable to men, yet they are less likely to be referred to residential treatment facilities. Hence, there still remains a gender disparity in alcoholic patient referrals. Further studies should delineate which specific therapeutic aspects and programmatic components of women-focused treatments are essential to augment positive treatment outcomes. (Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment)
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - December 18, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi Valory De Lucia Deyu Pan Mona Mojtahedzadeh Elham Rahmani Sinan Jabori Golara Zahmatkesh Mohsen Bazargan Source Type: research

Managing Maternal Substance Use in the Perinatal Period: Current Concerns and Treatment Approaches in the United States and Australia
Substance use in pregnancy can have adverse effects on mother and fetus alike. Australia and the US are countries with high levels of substance use and policies advising abstinence, although the Australian approach occurs within a broader framework of harm minimization. Less attention has been paid to treatment of the mothers' substance use and what is considered gold standard. This is despite evidence that prior substance use in pregnancy is the most important factor in predicting future substance use in pregnancy. This paper draws together information from both the peer-reviewed and gray literature to provide a contempor...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - December 7, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Lucinda Burns Victoria H. Coleman-Cowger Courtney Breen Source Type: research

More Than Just a Break from Treatment: How Substance Use Disorder Patients Experience the Stable Environment in Horse-Assisted Therapy
Inclusion of horse-assisted therapy (HAT) in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is rarely reported. Our previous studies show improved treatment retention and the importance of the patient–horse relationship. This qualitative study used thematic analysis, within a social constructionist framework, to explore how eight patients experienced contextual aspects of HAT's contribution to their SUD treatment. Participants described HAT as a "break from usual treatment". However, four interrelated aspects of this experience, namely "change of focus", "activity", "identity", and "motivation," suggest HAT is more than just a b...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - October 5, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Ann Kern-Godal Ida Halvorsen Brenna Espen Ajo Arnevik Edle Ravndal Source Type: research

A Comparison of Morphine Delivery in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal
The objective of this comparative study using a retrospective chart audit is to compare length of stay (LOS) and total accumulative morphine dose across these two morphine delivery protocols. Our audit revealed that there were a significantly higher proportion of newborns in the symptom-only model that received morphine and, perhaps accordingly, also had a significantly higher LOS compared to those in the weight-based model. Comparing only those infants who did receive morphine, the comparative total accumulative dose of morphine and LOS were not significantly different between the weight-based and symptom-only morphine de...
Source: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment - September 25, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Brian Chisamore Safaa Labana Sandra Blitz Alice Ordean Source Type: research