Gender attitudes of police officers: Selection and socialization mechanisms in the life course
Publication date: Available online 18 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Jennifer M. AshlockAbstractPolice officers may have attitudes that are more traditional than the general public, perhaps impacted by a unique “working personality”, but recent evidence suggests that more conservative individuals may be drawn to policing (LeCount, 2017). In this article I draw from the life course perspective to evaluate the degree to which two mechanisms explain police gender attitudes, selection into policing or socialization while on the job. I examine gender attitudes relating to division of labor in the hom...
Source: Social Science Research - December 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Outrageous fortune or destiny? Family influences on status achievement in the early life course
We examined the conjecture that a similar trend of increasing effect of genes/declining family environmental effect characterizes other status-related outcomes when arranged in typical age-graded sequence over adolescence and early adulthood. We used DeFries-Fulker (1985) (DF) analysis with longitudinal data on 1576 pairs of variously-related young adult siblings (MZ twins; DZ twins; full siblings; half siblings; cousins; and nonrelated siblings; mean age 28) to estimate univariate quantitative genetic decompositions for fifteen status-related outcomes roughly ordered along the early life course: Verbal IQ, High school GPA...
Source: Social Science Research - December 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Ben Carson Effect: Do voters prefer racialized or deracialized black conservatives?
Publication date: Available online 10 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Gregory John Leslie, Christopher T. Stout, Naomi TolbertAbstractA plethora of research has explored how blacks and whites respond to deracialized and racialized outreach. However, these studies overwhelmingly focus on individuals' reactions to liberal black elites. We explore whether whites and/or blacks favor co-racial elites who take a conservative deracialized position in the form of support for privatizing social security or a conservative racialized position in the form of advocating for ending the norm of political correctnes...
Source: Social Science Research - December 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Strangers in their hometown: Demographic change, revitalization and community engagement in new Latino destinations
In this study, we investigate changes in demographic foundations for participation, community revitalization and shifts in economic, civic and political activity in new nonmetropolitan Latino destinations over the 1990s and 2000s. Using data from Census of Population, American Community Survey, County Business Patterns, Census of Religion, and voting records, and controlling for relevant county attributes, we compare trajectories of counties that received large numbers of Latinos after 1990 to similar counties that did not experience rapid Latino growth. Difference-in-difference regression analyses reveal that despite eros...
Source: Social Science Research - December 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Colorism and classism confounded: Perceptions of discrimination in Latin America
Publication date: Available online 14 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Angela R. Dixon (Source: Social Science Research)
Source: Social Science Research - December 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The link between mothers' vulnerability to intimate partner violence and Children's human capital
Publication date: Available online 12 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Sonia Akter, Namrata ChindarkarAbstractWe propose a conceptual framework to examine the association between mothers' vulnerability to intimate partner violence (IPV) and children's human capital. An important contribution of our framework is that it uses multiple dimensions of human capital and identifies several pathways through which the negative associations of IPV translate to human capital deficits. The conceptual framework is empirically tested using a large-scale representative child-level dataset from India that includes tw...
Source: Social Science Research - December 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The effect of concealed carry weapons laws on firearm sales
Publication date: Available online 12 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Trent SteidleyAbstractDespite numerous studies exploring the link between concealed carry weapons (CCW) laws and the effect of “more guns, more/less crime” it is unknown if liberalizing CCW laws indeed influences legal firearm sales. Building on previous research, I hypothesize that liberal CWW laws are associated with increases in handgun sales while having no association with long gun sales. Using National Instant Background Check System (NICS) data as a proxy for firearm sales and state fixed-effects regression models to exa...
Source: Social Science Research - December 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Are the faithful becoming less fruitful? The decline of conservative protestant fertility and the growing importance of religious practice and belief in childbearing in the US
Publication date: Available online 13 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Samuel L. Perry, Cyrus SchleiferAbstractStudies of religion and fertility argue that American childbearing has become less predicated on religious tradition and more on religious commitment and belief. Yet studies have not documented this transition over time or considered whether the growing importance of religious commitment and belief in childbearing applies across Christian traditions equally. Using data from the 1972–2016 General Social Surveys, we analyze childbearing trends across time and birth cohort focusing on the inde...
Source: Social Science Research - December 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
College as Equalizer?Testing the selectivity hypothesis
Publication date: Available online 12 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Kristian Bernt KarlsonAbstractStratification research shows that occupational origins and destinations are weakly associated among individuals holding a college degree. The finding is taken to support the hypothesis that college equalizes opportunities and promotes social mobility. I test the competing hypothesis that the high level of social mobility reported for college degree holders results from the selectivity of this group. To control for selectivity, I reweigh a sample of college degree holders by the inverse probability of ...
Source: Social Science Research - December 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Changing worldwide attitudes toward homosexuality: The influence of global and region-specific cultures, 1981–2012
Publication date: Available online 10 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Louisa RobertsAbstractWhile the acceptance of homosexuality has risen across many Western countries, we know little about whether or why attitudes have changed in the rest of the world. Here I investigate these questions while also testing the relative utility of three theories of what drives worldwide attitudinal change: (1) the postmaterialist thesis, which casts existential security as a main determinant; (2) world society theory, which emphasizes the influence of a diffusing global culture; and (3) multiple modernities theory, ...
Source: Social Science Research - December 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Ben Carson effect do voters prefer racialized or deracialized black conservatives?
Publication date: Available online 10 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Gregory John Leslie, Christopher T. Stout, Naomi TolbertAbstractA plethora of research has explored how blacks and whites respond to deracialized and racialized outreach. However, these studies overwhelmingly focus on individuals' reactions to liberal black elites. We explore whether whites and/or blacks favor co-racial elites who take a conservative deracialized position in the form of support for privatizing social security or a conservative racialized position in the form of advocating for ending the norm of political correctnes...
Source: Social Science Research - December 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Intermarriage and mother-child relationships
Publication date: Available online 10 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Jenjira J. YahirunAbstractResearch indicates that when adult children marry, ties to parents weaken. Yet less is known about how spousal characteristics, and specifically, spouse's race or ethnicity, affect ties to the family of origin. This paper uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to ask how interracial/ethnic marriage, compared to same-race/ethnicity marriage, is associated with ties to mothers among young adults in the United States. Results indicate that offspring who are intermarried d...
Source: Social Science Research - December 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Immigration, social trust, and the moderating role of value contexts
This study examines whether the values prevalent in one's social environment moderate the link between immigration-related ethnic diversity and social trust. Drawing on arguments related to intergroup relations and anomie, we expect that contexts characterized by a comparatively high degree of openness mitigate a trust-eroding effect of immigration. In contrast, contexts of low openness or high conservation should rather reinforce a trust-eroding effect. We test these propositions using survey data from Europe and the United States merged with regional indicators on immigration and value contexts. The results show that hig...
Source: Social Science Research - December 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reproduction of social inequality through housing: A three-generational study from Norway
Publication date: Available online 10 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): George Galster, Terje WesselAbstractThe means through which socioeconomic status is transmitted across generations has long been of central interest to scholarship on inequality. We explore multi-generational reproduction of socioeconomic status through transmission of housing wealth by investigating how the tenure, size and location of housing occupied by grandparents relates to the tenure and value of housing occupied by their grandchildren. We estimate OLS, tobit and structural equation models based on Norwegian register data on...
Source: Social Science Research - December 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Solidarity through punishment an experiment on the merits of centralized enforcement in generalized exchange
Publication date: Available online 10 December 2018Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Georg KanitsarAbstractSolidarity and punishment are both central to maintaining social order, but their interaction remains poorly understood. A number of studies report that punishment undermines solidarity in domains of generalized exchange, whereas other studies find that punishment furthers norm-compliant behavior and thereby promotes solidarity in the realm of public goods. Using a laboratory experiment, this study is the first to directly compare the effect of centralized punishment on solidarity between generalized exchange ...
Source: Social Science Research - December 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
