Genetic architecture of socioeconomic outcomes: Educational attainment, occupational status, and wealth
This study takes a socio-genomic approach to examine the complex relationships among three important socioeconomic outcomes: educational attainment, occupational status, and wealth. Using more than 8,000 genetic samples from the Health and Retirement study, it first estimates the collective influence of genetic variants across the whole human genome to each of the three socioeconomic outcomes. It then tests genetic correlations among three socioeconomic outcomes, and examines the extent to which genetic influences on occupational status and wealth are mediated by educational attainment. Analyses using the genomic-relatedne...
Source: Social Science Research - April 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Family matters: The contribution of households’ educational and employment composition to income inequality
This study examines how changing educational attainment and employment patterns of women (mainly) are impacting households’ income distribution, with Israel as a case study. The level of income inequality in Israel, which is one of the highest in the Western world, has risen significantly in recent decades, along with a rise in education and labor force participation, especially among women. Using counterfactual analysis of the Theil index between the years 1983 and 2008, our findings show that the share of highly educated households has soared, together with a rise in the share of fulltime dual-earner households. There ...
Source: Social Science Research - April 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Fight or flight? Crime as a driving force in business failure and business mobility
Publication date: Available online 25 April 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): John R. Hipp, Seth A. Williams, Young-An Kim, Jae Hong KimAbstractA growing body of research has documented the consequences of neighborhood crime for a myriad of individual, household, and community outcomes. Given that neighborhood businesses figure into the link between neighborhood structure and crime as sources of employment or sites for neighbor interaction, the present study examines the extent to which neighborhood crime is associated with the survival, mobility, and destination locations of businesses in the subsequent year. ...
Source: Social Science Research - April 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The effects of prolonged working life on subjective quality of life across Europe
Publication date: Available online 25 April 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Martin LakomýAbstractThis paper examines the effect of prolonged working careers on subjective quality of life (QoL) in four European regions. The paper tests a basic assumption of the role accumulation theory and the active ageing approach that additional roles, including prolonged working careers, are beneficial for the quality of life of older people. The propensity score matching method was used on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for four European regions with distinctive economic, institut...
Source: Social Science Research - April 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
“Stepping up or stepping down?“: The earnings differences associated with Swedish temporary workers’ employment sequences
In this study, we contribute to the literature by describing the earnings differences associated with employment sequences among Swedish temporary workers. In the first step, we derive sequence types using sequence analysis. In the next step, we use propensity score weighting for the types of employment sequences to weight the covariates, as informed by life course labor market inequality theories. Finally, we evaluate the covariates’ relation to earnings using weighted regressions. We find that the type of employment sequence varies with differences in earnings relative to predominantly constant temporary employment. In...
Source: Social Science Research - April 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Do income inequalities in higher weight status depend on social integration?
Publication date: Available online 20 April 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Anthony David Campbell, Elizabeth H. BakerAbstractThose with higher incomes tend to have better health outcomes, including healthy weight status. We use data from the 2003–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine whether the association between higher weight status and social integration varies by income. We examine gender differences in weight status, measured by BMI and obesity, by social integration and income, and find evidence that high social integration is a risk factor for higher weight statu...
Source: Social Science Research - April 21, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Is childhood migration a mental health risk? Exploring health behaviors and psychosocial resources as pathways using the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey
Publication date: Available online 19 April 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Fei-Ju YangAbstractDrawing on the Stress Process Model, this study investigates the effect of early migration on health behaviors and psychosocial resources. Further, I consider whether health behaviors and psychosocial processes lead to higher psychological distress for childhood immigrants in adulthood. Cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health 2012 (N = 4282) reveal that compared to adult immigrants, childhood immigrants are not only four times more likely to use drugs, but also experience gre...
Source: Social Science Research - April 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Intergenerational educational mobility and life course earnings in Israel
This study brings to the fore the importance of absolute intergenerational educational mobility rates and patterns and its consequences for long-term earnings trajectories. Building on the cumulative advantage mechanism, we develop a theoretical formulation for testing the consequences of educational mobility for long-term earnings trajectories. Using data linking the 1983 and 1995 censuses in Israel with annual registered earnings data from 1995 to 2013, we find striking differences in intergenerational educational mobility rates and patterns between Israel's sub-populations. We then show that the intersection of own and ...
Source: Social Science Research - April 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Penalizing fathers who use family-friendly measures. A comparative study with university students from Ghana and Spain
This article provides experimental empirical evidence on the penalization of a father of high professional status who decides to use a family friendly measure (FFM) offered by his company. A cross-cultural sample of university students (in the field of Business Administration and Economics) from Ghana and Spain was used to evaluate a hypothetical male employee who after the birth of their child either used a reduction of the working day or worked traditional hours. We compared the results with those obtained for an identical female employee. We considered several variables that mediated the effect of using the FFM on the b...
Source: Social Science Research - April 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Crosscutting circles in a social dilemma: Effects of social identity and inequality on cooperation
Publication date: Available online 19 April 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Ozan AksoyAbstractI investigate experimentally the effects of heterogeneity in social identities and inequality in resources on cooperative behavior in a social dilemma. The experiment also varies the overlap between social identity and resources. The results show that both heterogeneity in social identities and inequality in resources reduce cooperation. When social identity and unequal resources are crossed orthogonally, the existence of composite group memberships mitigates the negative effects of inequality, but not of heterogenei...
Source: Social Science Research - April 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Time availability and housework: The effect of unemployment on couples’ hours of household labor
Publication date: Available online 19 April 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Sophia FauserAbstractUsing data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (G-SOEP, 1991–2014), this study investigates how unemployment influences the hours of household labor performed by individuals and their partners. It is argued that by using longitudinal data on unemployed individuals, the time availability hypothesis, which explains individuals' hours of housework with their available time, can be tested more rigorously than in previous research, as concerns about simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity can be addressed. The res...
Source: Social Science Research - April 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Parental influence on youth violent video game use
Publication date: Available online 19 April 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Whitney DeCampAbstractViolent video games have been the subject of much news and analysis. One area of the debate, particularly in legal arenas, has been whether parents have or should have control over what games their children play. Despite such debates, only limited empirical research has examined whether parents actually do have influence over what games their children play or how much they play them. Using cross-sectional data from large-samples of American high-school and middle-school students, this study examines parental infl...
Source: Social Science Research - April 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Exploring violence: The role of neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, and other micro-places
This study explores the association between neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, other micro-places, and neighborhood violence rates. Prior studies that examined the alcohol availability and violence associations suggested that alcohol outlets play an important role in violent outcomes, yet we know less about the larger environment in which alcohol outlets are located, including how the availability of other types of places that exist side by side with alcohol outlets in neighborhoods could influence the alcohol-violence relationships. I collected publicly available data on simple and aggravated assaults, neighbo...
Source: Social Science Research - April 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Open markets, closed societies: Examining the assimilation of seven immigrant groups in Western Europe
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Elyakim KislevAbstractThis paper provides an examination of seven groups of first- and second-generation immigrants in Western Europe. The aim of this study is to track the trajectories of these immigrants’ economic and social assimilation and to compare between them. Data from the European Social Survey (ESS) and the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) are integrated here in a multilevel analysis. Findings show that while Western European immigrants show an improvement in economic indicators over time and generations, they sho...
Source: Social Science Research - April 18, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Racial/ethnic disparities in depression: Investigating how sources of support and types of integration matter
Publication date: Available online 10 April 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Tse-Chuan Yang, Kiwoong ParkAbstractAlthough social support and social integration are key predictors of depression and exhibit racial/ethnic patterns in the US, previous research has not examined how they shape racial/ethnic disparities in depression. Applying hybrid models to data from the Americans' Changing Lives study from 1986 to 2002, this study analyzes how sources of social support (spouse and friend/relative) and types of social integration (informal/formal) explain black-white and Hispanic-white disparities in depression. W...
Source: Social Science Research - April 17, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
