Complex karyotype in myelodysplastic syndromes: Diagnostic procedure and prognostic susceptibility
Complex karyotype (CK) is a poor prognosis factor in hematological malignancies. Studies have shown that the presence of CK in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) can be associated with MDS progression to acute myeloid leukemia. The goal of this review was to examine the relationship between different types of CK with MDS, as well as its possible role in the deterioration and progression of MDS to leukemia. The content used in this paper has been obtained by a PubMed and Google Scholar search of English language papers (1975-2018) using the termscomplex karyotypeand myelodysplastic syndromes. A single independent abnormality ca...
Source: Oncology Reviews - February 4, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Advances in pancreatic cancer biomarkers
Biomarkers play an essential role in the management of patients with invasive cancers. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDC) associated with poor prognosis due to advanced presentation and limited therapeutic options. This is further complicated by absence of validated screening and predictive biomarkers for early diagnosis and precision treatments respectively. There is emerging data on biomarkers in pancreatic cancer in past two decades. So far, the CA 19-9 remains the only approved biomarker for diagnosis and response assessment but limited by low sensitivity and specificity. In this article, we aim to review current a...
Source: Oncology Reviews - February 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Physiopathology and diagnosis of cardiotoxicity in patients submitted to chemotherapy treatment
Cardiovascular diseases and neoplastic diseases are the two main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Treated cancer patients usually develop cardiac diseases late in life due to chemotherapy-induced heart damage. The type of damage caused to the heart depends on the type of agent used during cancer treatment. It is expectable to observe ventricular impairment in patients treated with anthracyclines, while pyrimidines and some signalling inhibitors may damage the coronary circulation. Several techniques can be used to help diagnose early cardiac affections, such as biomarkers and auxiliary diagnostic tests. The ...
Source: Oncology Reviews - February 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Bortezomib therapy in a real-world setting in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor, approved for treating newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). This realworld, multicenter, observational, non-interventional study of bortezomib was designed to collect and analyze prospective data in Taiwanese patients with relapsed or refractory MM. The primary endpoints included clinical effectiveness outcomes (disease response, disease progression [PD], time-to-response, time-toprogression, response duration, and overall survival [OS]). Secondary endpoints were safety and healthcare resource utilization. Total 100 patients (median [range] age 64.9 [37.0-85.5] years) wer...
Source: Oncology Reviews - January 18, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Survival outcomes of patients with cervical cancer and accompanying hydronephrosis: A systematic review of the literature
Hydronephrosis is a sign of advanced stage disease in patients with cervical cancer. Its presence is believed to negatively affect the survival of patients. To date, however, consensus in this field is still lacking. The purpose of the present systematic review is to gather the available data and to provide directions for future research in the field. We systematically searched Medline, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRA and Google Scholar databases from inception till June 2018. Overall, 22 studies were included in the present systematic review that evaluated outcomes...
Source: Oncology Reviews - January 15, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Prospects for repurposing CNS drugs for cancer treatment
Drug repurposing is the idea of using an already approved drug for another disease or disorder away from its initial use. This new approach ensures the reduction in high cost required for developing a new drug in addition to the time consumed, especially in the tumor disorders that show an unceasing rising rate with an unmet success rate of new anticancer drugs. In our review, we will review the anti-cancer effect of some CNS drugs, including both therapeutic and preventive, by searching the literature for preclinical or clinical evidence for anticancer potential of central nervous system drugs over the last 8 years period...
Source: Oncology Reviews - January 14, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A comprehensive overview of mitochondrial DNA 4977-bp deletion in cancer studies
Mitochondria are cellular machines essential for energy production. The biogenesis of mitochondria is a highly complex and it depends on the coordination of the nuclear and mitochondrial genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and deletions are suspected to be associated with carcinogenesis. The most described mtDNA deletion in various human cancers is called the 4977-bp common deletion (mDNA4977) and it has been explored since two decades. In spite of that, its implication in carcinogenesis still unknown and its predictive and prognostic impact remains controversial. This review article provides an overview of some of...
Source: Oncology Reviews - January 14, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Breast cancer, human immunodeficiency virus and highly active antiretroviral treatment; implications for a high-rate seropositive region
Sub-Saharan Africa is the region in the world with the most people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The incidence of breast cancer is also rising in the region. This transcript focusses on the burden of these two diseases when they converge in the same populace. This comprehensive literature review of the topic suggests a trend towards an increasing incidence of breast cancer in the HIV-infected population, and the rationale for such a tendency is hypothesized, especially in the context of the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Besides the age at diagnosis, all other clinical charact...
Source: Oncology Reviews - January 14, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Prognostic significance of aberrant CD5 expression in B-cell leukemia
Aberrant expression of CD5 (as a T-cell marker) is seen in some leukemia and lymphoma of B lineage origin. Given that the signaling resulting from the expression of this marker plays an essential role in the development of leukemia and lymphoma, evaluating the expression of this marker is of paramount importance. Therefore, our goal in this study was to investigate the prognostic importance of CD5 expression in B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. We evaluate CD5 expression in normal and leukemic B-cells by identifying relevant literature through a PubMed search (1998-2018) of English language papers using the terms: ‘CD5, ’ ...
Source: Oncology Reviews - January 13, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cancer-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors: an examination of conceptual and statistical cognitive domains using principal component analysis
There is a great deal of variability in the composition of neuropsychological test batteries used in the assessment of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Not only the development of a gold standard approach for CRCI assessment would allow for easier identification of women suffering from CRCI but it would also promote optimal care for survivors. As a first step towards the development of a valid and reliable unified test battery, the objective of this study was to verify whether the theoretical domains commonly used in CRCI assessment are statistically supported, before and after breast cancer treatment. Principal...
Source: Oncology Reviews - August 28, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The radiation therapy options of intracranial hemangiopericytoma: an overview and update on a rare vascular mesenchymal tumor
Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is an extremely rare hypervascular tumor of mesenchymal lineage. It tends to recur and to develop distant metastases even many years after primary surgical resection. The management of recurrent and metastatic disease is not always so well defined. A complete surgical resection does not eliminate the high risk of local recurrences that occur in the central nervous system, often in the same surgical bed. However, treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy even in cases of complete resection remains controversial. (Source: Oncology Reviews)
Source: Oncology Reviews - July 10, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The quality of guidelines in non-pharmacological prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: A review
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse effect occurring in patients undergoing neurotoxic chemotherapy. However, there is no FDA-approved treatment option for it. Given the importance of clinical practice guidelines in this area, this study aimed to determine the methodological quality of extant CIPN guidelines. The study was done as part of the adaptation process of CIPN related CPGs at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A systematic search of published CPGs about chemotherapy-induced CIPN in which the AGREE II instrument was applied for appraising CPGs of CIPN was performed. In general,...
Source: Oncology Reviews - July 4, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Vitamin D and its receptor polymorphisms: New possible prognostic biomarkers in leukemias
Several factors such as chromosomal translocations, gene mutations, and polymorphisms are involved in the pathogenesis of leukemia/lymphoma. Recently, the role of vitamin D (VD) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in hematologic malignancies has been considered. In this review, we examine the possible role of VD levels, as well as VDR polymorphisms as prognostic biomarkers in leukemia/lymphoma. Relevant English language literature were searched and retrieved from Google Scholar search engine (1985-2017). The following keywords were used:vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, leukemia, lymphoma,and polymorphism. Increased se...
Source: Oncology Reviews - July 4, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Expression of CD markers in JAK2V617F positive myeloproliferative neoplasms: Prognostic significance
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by the presence of JAK2V617F mutation. Thrombohemorrhagic as well as autoimmune or inflammatory phenomena are common clinical outcomes of these disorders. Recent studies have shown that abnormality in frequency and function of blood cells manifested by an alteration in CD markers ’ expression patterns play a key role in these complications. So, there may be a relationship between CD markers’ expressions and prognosis of JAK2V617F positive MPNs. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on these abnormalities from the perspective of changi...
Source: Oncology Reviews - July 4, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Advanced pancreatic cancer: the standard of care and new opportunities
Presentation of pancreatic cancer is localized, locally advanced or metastatic. With the later represented the main bulk (more than 80%). Despite the significant innovation in molecular analysis and therapeutic approach in many types of cancer in the last two decades, still the outcome of advanced pancreatic cancer is disappointing and the mortality rate approximately unchanged. In this mandated review we intended to highlight the standard of care and emerging agents for advanced pancreatic cancer treatment. (Source: Oncology Reviews)
Source: Oncology Reviews - July 4, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
