Epidemiology of recurrent traumatic brain injury in the general population: A systematic review
Conclusions:
rTBI is an important contributor to the general population TBI burden. Certain risk factors can help identify individuals at higher risk of these repeated injuries. However, higher quality research that improves on rTBI surveillance methodology is needed. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Lasry, O., Liu, E. Y., Powell, G. A., Ruel-Laliberte, J., Marcoux, J., Buckeridge, D. L. Tags: All Trauma, Brain trauma, All epidemiology, Incidence studies, Risk factors in epidemiology VIEWS & amp;amp; REVIEWS Source Type: research
Caudate nucleus as a component of networks controlling behavior
The striatum participates in parallel corticobasal ganglia–thalamocortical loops interconnecting its different territories with areas of the frontal lobe, forming partially segregated motor, oculomotor, associative, and limbic circuits.1 Human studies using resting-state fMRI2–4 and diffusion tensor imaging5–10 confirm the presence of a functional parcellation of the human striatum, particularly the caudate nucleus,11 based on segregated corticostriatal connections. However, the corticostriatal connections are complex, and there are extensive interactions among functional territories.12 Furthermore, the d...
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Graff-Radford, J., Williams, L., Jones, D. T., Benarroch, E. E. Tags: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH Source Type: research
Spaceflight-induced changes in white matter hyperintensity burden in astronauts
Conclusions:
Long-duration exposure to microgravity is associated with an increase in periventricular WMH in astronauts. This increase was linked to an increase in ventricular CSF volume documented in ISS astronauts. There was no associated change in or abnormal levels of WMH volumes in deep white matter as reported in U-2 high-altitude pilots. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Alperin, N., Bagci, A. M., Lee, S. H. Tags: MRI, Volumetric MRI, Case control studies ARTICLE Source Type: research
Alzheimer disease brain atrophy subtypes are associated with cognition and rate of decline
Conclusions:
AD subtypes with phenotypes consistent with those observed with tau neuropathology can be identified in vivo with vMRI. An increased HV:CTV ratio was predictive of faster clinical decline in participants with AD who were clinically indistinguishable at baseline except for a greater dysexecutive presentation. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Risacher, S. L., Anderson, W. H., Charil, A., Castelluccio, P. F., Shcherbinin, S., Saykin, A. J., Schwarz, A. J., For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Tags: MRI, Alzheimer's disease ARTICLE Source Type: research
Serum neurofilament light in familial Alzheimer disease: A marker of early neurodegeneration
Conclusions:
Serum NfL concentration is increased in FAD prior to symptom onset and correlates with measures of disease stage and severity. Serum NfL may thus be a feasible biomarker of early AD-related neurodegeneration. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Weston, P. S. J., Poole, T., Ryan, N. S., Nair, A., Liang, Y., Macpherson, K., Druyeh, R., Malone, I. B., Ahsan, R. L., Pemberton, H., Klimova, J., Mead, S., Blennow, K., Rossor, M. N., Schott, J. M., Zetterberg, H., Fox, N. C. Tags: Alzheimer's disease ARTICLE Source Type: research
Multiparametric MRI changes persist beyond recovery in concussed adolescent hockey players
Conclusions:
Changes persisted well after players' clinical scores had returned to normal and they had been cleared to return to play. Ongoing white matter maturation may make adolescent athletes particularly vulnerable to brain injury, and they may require extended recovery periods. The consequences of early brain injury for ongoing brain development and risk of more serious conditions such as second impact syndrome or neural degenerative processes need to be elucidated. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Manning, K. Y., Schranz, A., Bartha, R., Dekaban, G. A., Barreira, C., Brown, A., Fischer, L., Asem, K., Doherty, T. J., Fraser, D. D., Holmes, J., Menon, R. S. Tags: MRI, fMRI, MRS, DWI, Brain trauma ARTICLE Source Type: research
GABA alterations in pediatric sport concussion
Conclusions:
GABA/Cre appears increased in a region colocalized with working memory task activation after sport concussion. Further work extending these results in larger samples and at time points across the injury episode will aid in refining the clinical significance of these observations. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Friedman, S. D., Poliakov, A. V., Budech, C., Shaw, D. W. W., Breiger, D., Jinguji, T., Krabak, B., Coppel, D., Lewis, T. M., Browd, S., Ojemann, J. G. Tags: fMRI, MRS, Adolescence, Brain trauma ARTICLE Source Type: research
Blood-brain barrier leakage increases with small vessel disease in acute ischemic stroke
Conclusions:
Global SVD burden is associated with increased BBB leakage in both acutely ischemic and nonischemic area. Our results support that SVD score has construct validity, and confirm a relation between SVD and BBB disruption also in patients with acute stroke. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Arba, F., Leigh, R., Inzitari, D., Warach, S. J., Luby, M., Lees, K. R., On behalf of the STIR/VISTA Imaging Collaboration Tags: MRI, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke ARTICLE Source Type: research
Evolution of DWI lesions in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Evidence for ischemia
Conclusions:
Based on their neuroimaging signature as well as their association with chronic cortical CMIs, DWI lesions appear to have an ischemic origin and represent one part of the CMI spectrum. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: van Veluw, S. J., Lauer, A., Charidimou, A., Bounemia, N., Xiong, L., Boulouis, G., Fotiadis, P., Ayres, A., Gurol, M. E., Viswanathan, A., Greenberg, S. M., Vernooij, M. W. Tags: DWI, Intracerebral hemorrhage ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cortical superficial siderosis multifocality in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A prospective study
Conclusions:
The multifocality of cSS correlates with disease severity in probable CAA; therefore cSS is likely to be caused by discrete hemorrhagic foci. The new cSS scoring system might be valuable for clinicians in determining annual risk of ICH recurrence. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Charidimou, A., Boulouis, G., Roongpiboonsopit, D., Auriel, E., Pasi, M., Haley, K., van Etten, E. S., Martinez-Ramirez, S., Ayres, A., Vashkevich, A., Schwab, K. M., Goldstein, J. N., Rosand, J., Viswanathan, A., Greenberg, S. M., Gurol, M. E. Tags: MRI, Cohort studies, Intracerebral hemorrhage ARTICLE Source Type: research
Neurofilaments in blood: (Almost) facing clinical application
Neurodegeneration is a critical pathophysiologic process of Alzheimer disease (AD) and related dementias, and correlates better with cognitive symptoms than the sole presence of pathologic proteins such as β-amyloid or α-synuclein. Thus, the identification of a biomarker that tracks with neurodegeneration is critical for following disease progression from the preclinical through the clinical phases and assessing rate of progression or therapeutic utility. The identification of a blood-based biomarker of neurodegeneration would be the Holy Grail. Compared to neuroimaging CSF collection, a blood draw is much less ...
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Mielke, M. M., Otto, M. Tags: EDITORIALS Source Type: research
Ischemic lesions and superficial siderosis in CAA: Partners in crime or innocent bystanders?
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), first described in 1927 as a congophilic angiopathy associated with amyloid plaque in brains of patients with Alzheimer dementia,1 has an association with large and small intracranial hemorrhages (ICH). The differential diagnosis of ICH therefore includes CAA, especially in older patients or those without hypertension. The widely used Boston Criteria for diagnosis of CAA in vivo rely on the hemorrhagic characteristics of the disease.2 The pathophysiology of ICH in CAA remains uncertain. Thus, its prognosis, risk stratification, and clinical management present a challenge. Additional imagi...
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Marshall, R. S., Lioutas, V.-A. Tags: EDITORIALS Source Type: research
Spotlight on the November 21 issue
(Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Gross, R. A. Tags: IN FOCUS Source Type: research
Teaching NeuroImages: Myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive hypertrophic pachymeningitis
A 49-year-old woman with chronic epistaxis presented with painless left monocular vision loss. Notable findings on examination of the left eye included visual acuity of 20/200 and relative afferent pupillary defect. MRI of the brain revealed enhancement of the left optic nerve sheath and diffuse dural thickening (figure). Laboratory workup yielded only lymphocytic pleocytosis (12 white blood cells) and positive serologies for perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies. Dural biopsy showed multifocal dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with vasculitis and reactive fi...
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Culbertson, C. J., Lummus, S. C., Gold, C. A. Tags: MRI, All Immunology, Vasculitis, All Neuro-ophthalmology, Optic nerve RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research
Clinical Reasoning: An 82-year-old man with worsening gait
An 82-year-old man with hypothyroidism presented with difficulty walking. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - November 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Chew, S., Vodopivec, I., Berkowitz, A. L. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Gait disorders/ataxia, Stiff person syndrome RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research
