A porcine model: surgical anatomy of the orbit for maxillofacial surgery
Due to its similarity to humans, the pig has proven to be a suitable biomodel for both research purposes and for training medical professionals, particularly in surgical specializations. For example, new implant materials have been tested on pig jaws and pigs have also been used in the development of new surgical techniques. For optimizing the effectiveness of such research or training, detailed data on the anatomy of their particular features are needed. At present, however, only limited information related to surgical and imaging anatomy of the facial and orbital areas of the pig and its comparison to human structures fr...
Source: Laboratory Animals - April 17, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Kyllar, M., Stembirek, J., Danek, Z., Hodan, R., Stransky, J., Machon, V., Foltan, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Body temperature measurements in pigs during general anaesthesia
The aim was to compare rectal, pharyngeal and oesophageal temperature measurements in anaesthetized pigs. Data were compared using the Bland–Altman method, and correlation coefficients and error measures were calculated. Sixty-six sets of data were collected from 16 pigs weighing 16.2 ± 4.2 kg. The bias (and 95% limit of agreement) for rectal and pharyngeal compared with oesophageal temperature were 0.69 (–1.18 to 2.57) ℃ and 0.22 (–0.84 to 1.28) ℃, respectively. The correlation coefficients for rectal and pharyngeal compared with oesophageal temperature were 0.47 and 0.87, respective...
Source: Laboratory Animals - April 17, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Musk, G. C., Costa, R. S., Tuke, J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Effects of acute chemotherapy-induced mucositis on spontaneous behaviour and the grimace scale in laboratory rats
Intestinal mucositis is a frequent side-effect of chemotherapy treatment. Many oncological research programs aim to identify novel treatments for this distressing condition, and these programs frequently use rat models. Little is known about the presence and progression of pain in these models and how this can best be treated by analgesic therapy. We used a number of behaviour-based methods of pain assessment to determine which tools were best suited for pain identification. Baseline measures for behavioural assessment, rat grimace score and sociability were determined through analysis of continuously recorded video data a...
Source: Laboratory Animals - April 17, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Whittaker, A. L., Leach, M. C., Preston, F. L., Lymn, K. A., Howarth, G. S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of the foetal time to death in mice after application of direct and indirect euthanasia methods
Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes requires that the killing of mammal foetuses during the last third of their gestational period should be accomplished through effective and humane methods. The fact that murine foetuses are resistant to hypoxia-mediated euthanasia renders the current euthanasia methods ineffective or humane for the foetuses when these methods are applied to pregnant female mice. We have assessed the time to death of foetuses after performing either indirect (dam euthanasia) or direct (via intraplacental injection – a new approach to euthanasia) euthanasia ...
Source: Laboratory Animals - April 17, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Munoz-Mediavilla, C., Camara, J. A., Salazar, S., Segui, B., Sanguino, D., Mulero, F., de la Cueva, E., Blanco, I. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate to pregnant mice reduces weight gain in pups during lactation
Administering monosodium glutamate (MSG) to neonatal rodents induces obesity and type 2 diabetes. In addition, several studies have shown that MSG administered to pregnant animals can cross the placenta and reach the foetus. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of administering MSG to pregnant ICR mice on dam and neonatal growth. Pregnant mice were treated with 60 or 120 mg MSG once daily from day 5 of pregnancy to one day before parturition by subcutaneous injection. In addition, the body weights of the neonates were determined until nine weeks of age. The birth weights of neonates were not different...
Source: Laboratory Animals - April 17, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Park, J.-H., Choi, T.-S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
A novel mouse model of diabetes mellitus using unilateral nephrectomy
In conclusion, the combination of these three techniques – UN, HF and STZ induced DM rapidly and effectively. (Source: Laboratory Animals)
Source: Laboratory Animals - April 17, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Park, K.-M., Hussein, K. H., Nam, H.-S., Kim, H.-M., Kang, B.-M., Lee, D.-G., Han, H.-J., Woo, H.-M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Translated abstracts, in French, German and Spanish
(Source: Laboratory Animals)
Source: Laboratory Animals - April 17, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Translated abstracts Source Type: research
Professor John Bleby, 1932-2015
(Source: Laboratory Animals)
Source: Laboratory Animals - January 19, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Gamble, M. Tags: Obituary Source Type: research
Report from the SGV meeting
(Source: Laboratory Animals)
Source: Laboratory Animals - January 19, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Riederer, B. M. Tags: News Source Type: research
Neotropical primate nursery in a squirrel monkey breeding unit in Brazil
Saimiri (squirrel monkey) is a neotropical primate of the Simian genus that has been bred in captivity for the development of research into human and animal health. They have been widely used in studies in ophthalmology, toxicology, pharmacology, psychiatry, neuroscience, vaccines and drug tests (such as malaria and measles agents), as well as effects on interactive behavior and cognition of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in man. The main concern of non-human primate (NHP) research centers is focused on the establishment of self-sustaining breeding colonies providing good quality research animals. Maternal rejection, dystocia a...
Source: Laboratory Animals - January 19, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Meireles, B., Goldschmidt, B., Resende, F., Lopes, C., Nascimento, L. Tags: Short Reports Source Type: research
The effect of anaesthesia on somatosensory evoked potential measurement in a rat model
In this study, the effect of isoflurane on SEP measurement was investigated in a rat model. The aim was to find out the adjustments for anaesthetic delivery optimizing the quality of the recordings. Two aspects were studied: the effect of isoflurane dosage on the SEP parameters and on the repeatability of the measurements. The SEP quality was found to be best when 1.5% isoflurane concentration was used. This dosage resulted in the best signal-to-noise ratio and equal repeatability of the measurements compared with the others. Our findings can help in refining the anaesthetic protocols related to SEP recordings in a rat mod...
Source: Laboratory Animals - January 19, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Kortelainen, J., Al-Nashash, H., Vipin, A., Thow, X. Y., All, A. Tags: Short Reports Source Type: research
Refinement of a thermal threshold probe to prevent burns
Thermal threshold testing is commonly used for pain research. The stimulus may cause burning and merits prevention. Thermal probe modifications hypothesized to reduce burning were evaluated for practicality and effect. Studies were conducted on two humans and eight cats. Unmodified probe 0 was tested on two humans and promising modifications were also evaluated on cats. Probe 1 incorporated rapid cooling after threshold was reached: probe 1a used a Peltier system and probe 1b used water cooling. Probe 2 released skin contact immediately after threshold. Probe 3 (developed in the light of evidence of ‘hot spots’...
Source: Laboratory Animals - January 19, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Dixon, M., Taylor, P., Slingsby, L., Murrell, J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Effective cryopreservation of golden Syrian hamster embryos by open pulled straw vitrification
In conclusion, we have developed an effective two-step OPS vitrification protocol for hamster embryos. (Source: Laboratory Animals)
Source: Laboratory Animals - January 19, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Fan, Z., Meng, Q., Bunch, T., White, K., Wang, Z. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
The effect of Syphacia muris on nutrient digestibility in laboratory rats
This study was carried out to investigate how pinworm infection in rats affects nutrient digestibility in the hosts. Twenty-four male outbred Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of 12 rats each. The rats from the first group (GI) were kept in cages with bedding containing pinworm eggs, and the second (control) group (GII) were kept in a separate room in clean, uncontaminated filter-top cages. The animals were put into individual metabolic cages later. Metabolic trials lasted five days and records of animal weight, food ingestion, and faecal weight were taken daily. Based on laboratory analysis of the feed and...
Source: Laboratory Animals - January 19, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Plachy, V., Litvinec, A., Langrova, I., Horakova, B., Sloup, V., Jankovska, I., Vadlejch, J., Cadkova, Z., Borkovcova, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Assessing the welfare of laboratory mice in their home environment using animal-based measures - a benchmarking tool
Welfare problems in laboratory mice can be a consequence of an ongoing experiment, or a characteristic of a particular genetic line, but in some cases, such as breeding animals, they are most likely to be a result of the design and management of the home cage. Assessment of the home cage environment is commonly performed using resource-based measures, like access to nesting material. However, animal-based measures (related to the health status and behaviour of the animals) can be used to assess the current welfare of animals regardless of the inputs applied (i.e. the resources or management). The aim of this study was to d...
Source: Laboratory Animals - January 19, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Spangenberg, E. M., Keeling, L. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
