Is there variation across individuals in processing? Bayesian analysis for systems factorial technology
We report an application to investigate Miller’s (1956) notion of chunking. We asked participants to compare objects that are composed of separable features simultaneously, a perception task, and sequentially, a memory task. We assessed whether processing changed across the perception and memory tasks with the notion that participants might have to chunk features to store them, and that this chunking might make processing more efficient. The answer is “no.” We find a serial architecture for processing for highly separable features (size of circle and the orientation of its diameter) in both the perception and memory ...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - October 31, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The free energy principle for action and perception: A mathematical review
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Christopher L. Buckley, Chang Sub Kim, Simon McGregor, Anil K. Seth The ‘free energy principle’ (FEP) has been suggested to provide a unified theory of the brain, integrating data and theory relating to action, perception, and learning. The theory and implementation of the FEP combines insights from Helmholtzian ‘perception as inference’, machine learning theory, and statistical thermodynamics. Here, we provide a detailed mathematical evaluation of a suggested biologically plausible implementation of the FE...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - October 31, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A tutorial on bridge sampling
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Quentin F. Gronau, Alexandra Sarafoglou, Dora Matzke, Alexander Ly, Udo Boehm, Maarten Marsman, David S. Leslie, Jonathan J. Forster, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Helen Steingroever The marginal likelihood plays an important role in many areas of Bayesian statistics such as parameter estimation, model comparison, and model averaging. In most applications, however, the marginal likelihood is not analytically tractable and must be approximated using numerical methods. Here we provide a tutorial on bridge sampling (Ben...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - October 31, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Corrigendum to “What makes risk acceptable? Revisiting the 1978 psychological dimensions of perceptions of technological risks”[J. Math. Psychol. 75 (2016) 157–169]
Publication date: Available online 24 October 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Katherine T. Fox-Glassman, Elke U. Weber (Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology)
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - October 31, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A generalized extensive structure that is equipped with a right action and its representation
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Yutaka Matsushita In intertemporal choice, it has been found that if the receipt time is closer to the present, then people tend to grow increasingly or decreasingly impatient. This paper develops an axiom system to construct a weighted additive model reflecting nonconstant impatience. By presupposing that an increment in duration is subjectively assessed according to the periods at which advancement occurs, we denote the one-period advanced receipt of outcomes by multiplying the outcomes by the increment on the rig...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - September 22, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Quantum effect logic in cognition
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Bart Jacobs This paper illustrates applications of a new, modern version of quantum logic in quantum cognition. The new logic uses ‘effects’ as predicates, instead of the more restricted interpretation of predicates as projections — which is used so far in this area. Effect logic involves states and predicates, validity and conditioning, and also state and predicate transformation via channels. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of this effect logic in quantum cognition, via many high-...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - September 22, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Multi-Attribute Decision by Sampling: An account of the attraction, compromise and similarity effects
Publication date: Available online 21 September 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): David Ronayne, Gordon D.A. Brown Consumers’ choices are typically influenced by the choice context in ways that standard models cannot explain. We provide a concise explanation of the attraction, compromise and similarity effects. The model, Multi-Attribute Decision by Sampling (MADS), posits that the evaluation of a choice option is based on its relative position in the market distribution as first inferred and then sampled by the decision-maker. The inferred market distribution is assumed to be systematically i...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - September 21, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Eugene Galanter
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Michelle J. Galanter (Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology)
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - September 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
On the assessment of learning in competence based knowledge space theory
The objective of an assessment in competence based-knowledge space theory (Cb-KST) is to infer the skills of an individual from her responses to a subset of problems. A major issue in this approach is the lack of a one-to-one correspondence between the competence states and performance states. The assessment is possible, but it cannotgo beyond an approximation. The problem becomes even more serious if Cb-KST is used for the assessment of learning, since changes caused at the competence level may not be represented by changes at the performance level. The consequence is that there could be no way for establishing whether le...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - September 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
On the properties of well-graded partially union-closed families
Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Jeffrey Matayoshi In this paper we will study several properties of well-graded union-closed families that do not contain the empty set. Such union-closed families without the empty set are said to be partially union-closed. We will extend several results for well-graded union-closed families to the partially union-closed case, and we will also extend the concept of being intersection-closed to families without the empty set. (Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology)
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Bayesian estimation and hypothesis tests for a circular Generalized Linear Model
Publication date: Available online 23 August 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Kees Mulder, Irene Klugkist Motivated by a study from cognitive psychology, we develop a Generalized Linear Model for circular data within the Bayesian framework, using the von Mises distribution. Although circular data arise in a wide variety of scientific fields, the number of methods for their analysis is limited. Our model allows inclusion of both continuous and categorical covariates. In a frequentist setting, this type of model is plagued by the likelihood surface of its regression coefficients, which is not log...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - August 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A theoretical note on the prior information criterion
Publication date: Available online 12 August 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Sara Steegen, Woojae Kim, Wiebe Pestman, Francis Tuerlinckx, Wolf Vanpaemel We consider the recently proposed prior information criterion for statistical model selection (PIC; van de Schoot et al. 2012). Using simple binomial models as an example, we demonstrate that the PIC can produce puzzling outcomes. When employed to test various forms of inequality and equality constraints, the PIC can yield inconsistent selection results, in that it fails to select the correct, data-generating model even when the underlying...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - August 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A Tutorial on Fisher information
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology Author(s): Alexander Ly, Maarten Marsman, Josine Verhagen, Raoul P.P.P. Grasman, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers In many statistical applications that concern mathematical psychologists, the concept of Fisher information plays an important role. In this tutorial we clarify the concept of Fisher information as it manifests itself across three different statistical paradigms. First, in the frequentist paradigm, Fisher information is used to construct hypothesis tests and confidence intervals using maximum likelihood estimators; second, in...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - August 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Addressing very short stimulus encoding times in modeling schizophrenia cognitive deficit
Publication date: August 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 79 Author(s): Colleen D. Cutler, Richard W.J. Neufeld It is well known that encoding times in persons with paranoid schizophrenia are longer than those of normal controls. Neufeld and others have argued that this is the consequence of additional subprocesses being executed during the encoding process in the case of schizophrenia. In general they expressed an encoding time as the sum of k ′ independent exponentially-distributed subprocesses, each executed with rate v . A troubling consequence of their application of this model to real d...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - July 5, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Coherence conditions for preference modeling with ordered points
Publication date: August 2017 Source:Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 79 Author(s): Meltem Öztürk In this article results on comparison rules on n ordered points are extended by introducing some coherence conditions. The main results concern a general characterization of coherence conditions and their influence on the 2-point, 3-point and 4-point interval representations of preference structures. (Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology)
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - June 21, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
