Parametric supplements to systems factorial analysis: Identifying interactive parallel processing using systems of accumulators
We present a set of parametric methods that, while lacking the full power of traditional SFT, allow its logic to be applied to situations that do not adhere to those conditions. These methods are based around building different parallel architectures from systems of Linear Ballistic Accumulators (Brown and Heathcote (2008)), including architectures that involve interactions between processes. The primary output of these methods is an estimate of the probabilities that a participant is best described by each of these architectures. In an example and set of simulations, we show that these methods are accurate and robust at i...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - February 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Thermodynamic integration and steppingstone sampling methods for estimating Bayes factors: A tutorial
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 89Author(s): Jeffrey Annis, Nathan J. Evans, Brent J. Miller, Thomas J. PalmeriAbstractOne of the more principled methods of performing model selection is via Bayes factors. However, calculating Bayes factors requires marginal likelihoods, which are integrals over the entire parameter space, making estimation of Bayes factors for models with more than a few parameters a significant computational challenge. Here, we provide a tutorial review of two Monte Carlo techniques rarely used in psychology that efficiently compute marginal likelihoods: the...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - February 14, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Interval orders, semiorders and ordered groups
We describe ordered groups such that the ordering is a semiorder and we introduce threshold groups generalizing totally ordered groups. We show that the free group on finitely many generators and the Thompson group F can be equipped with a compatible semiorder which is not a weak order. On another hand, a group introduced by Clifford cannot. (Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology)
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - February 7, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Safeguarding against bad luck when attempting to discredit a state-trace model
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2019Source: Journal of Mathematical PsychologyAuthor(s): Donald BamberAbstractA state-trace model for a natural phenomenon proposes that there is a causal “bottleneck” that makes the joint causal effects of two independent variables look like the effect of a single independent variable. Imagine that a state-trace model has been formulated, but the model seems implausible and we wish to find empirical evidence that it is wrong. How can we do that? Given reasonable monotonicity assumptions, a state-trace model is wrong if a point on one state trace is delta-discordant with a ...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - February 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
On universality of classical probability with contextually labeled random variables: Response to A. Khrennikov
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2019Source: Journal of Mathematical PsychologyAuthor(s): Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov, Maria KonAbstractIn his constructive and well-informed commentary, Andrei Khrennikov acknowledges a privileged status of classical probability theory with respect to statistical analysis. He also sees advantages offered by the Contextuality-by-Default theory, notably, that it “demystifies quantum mechanics by highlighting the role of contextuality,” and that it can detect and measure contextuality in inconsistently connected systems. He argues, however, that classical probability theory may have ...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - January 31, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Classical versus quantum probability: Comments on the paper “On universality of classical probability with contextually labeled random variables” by E. Dzhafarov and M. Kon
Publication date: Available online 28 January 2019Source: Journal of Mathematical PsychologyAuthor(s): Andrei KhrennikovAbstractRecently Dzhafarov and Kon published the paper advertising the possibility to use the coupling technique of classical probability theory to model incompatible observables in quantum physics and quantum-like models of psychology. Here I present comments on this paper by stressing advantages and disadvantages. (Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology)
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - January 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Shrinkage priors for Bayesian penalized regression
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 89Author(s): Sara van Erp, Daniel L. Oberski, Joris MulderAbstractIn linear regression problems with many predictors, penalized regression techniques are often used to guard against overfitting and to select variables relevant for predicting an outcome variable. Recently, Bayesian penalization is becoming increasingly popular in which the prior distribution performs a function similar to that of the penalty term in classical penalization. Specifically, the so-called shrinkage priors in Bayesian penalization aim to shrink small effects to zero wh...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - January 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Meta-inductive prediction based on Attractivity Weighting: Mathematical and empirical performance evaluation
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 89Author(s): Paul D. Thorn, Gerhard SchurzAbstractIn the present paper, we present mathematical and empirical results concerning the performance of a meta-inductive prediction method known as Attractivity Weighting. The mathematical results show that Attractivity Weighting is endowed with important guarantees concerning its worst-case short run and long run performance. In addition to these guarantees which hold for all logically possible environments, simulations applied to data describing real-world environments suggest that the short run perf...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - January 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Representations of preferences with pseudolinear utility functions
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 89Author(s): Yann RébilléAbstractWe provide an axiomatization of preferences that are representable by pseudolinear utility functions on product spaces C×R. A set of necessary and sufficient axioms that a binary relation must fulfill to be representable by a pseudolinear utility function is given. Our framework gives axiomatic foundations to the “money in the utility function” approach in monetary economics. Axiomatizations of quasilinear utility functions, of separable pseudolinear utility functions, of group separable pseudolinear utili...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - January 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Models of risky choice: A state-trace and signed difference analysis
We presented groups of participants with 30 variable gambles (A), each paired with one of four fixed gambles (B). We use state-trace analysis to test the prediction of all fixed utility models that the probability of choosing each A has the same order for all B. The results show that this prediction is not confirmed and a more complex model is required. We then use signed difference analysis to test two more complex models — the random subjective expected utility model based on Decision Field Theory and a fixed utility mixture model. We derive a key prediction from the random subjective expected utility model and show t...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - January 15, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: February 2019Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 88Author(s): (Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology)
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - January 12, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Disappearing dissociations in experimental psychology: Using state-trace analysis to test for multiple processes
Publication date: Available online 28 December 2018Source: Journal of Mathematical PsychologyAuthor(s): Rachel G. Stephens, Dora Matzke, Brett K. HayesAbstractDissociations have served as a key source of evidence for theory development in experimental psychology. Claims about the existence of multiple distinct psychological processes or systems are often based on demonstrations that manipulations such as working memory load, mood or instructions have differential effects on task performance. For example, a manipulation may have a larger effect on performance in one task, and a smaller or no detectable effect in another, as...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - December 29, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Tree inference: Uniqueness of multinomial processing trees representing response time when two factors selectively influence processes
Publication date: February 2019Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 88Author(s): Richard Schweickert, Xiaofang ZhengAbstractMultinomial Processing Trees are widely used to model response probability and sometimes to model response time and other measures. Information about the structure of a Multinomial Processing Tree can be discovered by manipulating experimental factors that selectively influence its vertices. A factor selectively influences a vertex if changing the level of the factor changes values of parameters associated with arcs descending from that vertex, leaving all else invariant. If two factors,...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - December 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How many dimensions underlie judgments of learning and recall redux: Consideration of recall latency reveals a previously hidden nonmonotonicity
Publication date: Available online 24 December 2018Source: Journal of Mathematical PsychologyAuthor(s): Yoonhee Jang, Heungchul Lee, David E. HuberAbstractJang and Nelson (2005) used state-trace analysis to examine factors that affect judgments of learning (JOLs) given as a prediction of future cued recall success. Koriat’s (1997) cue-utilization framework predicted that intrinsic cues (e.g., item difficulty) would have approximately the same effects on recall as they would have on JOLs whereas extrinsic cues (e.g., number of presentations) would have greater effects on recall than on JOLs. In contradiction to the predic...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - December 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Bidirectional constraint satisfaction in rational strategic decision making
We describe the properties of a constraint satisfaction network that is able to reason and decide rationally in strategic games. We use the structure of Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM), a minimal two-layer recurrent neural network, and assume that network layers represent self and other strategies, whereas connection weights encode best responses. We apply BAM to finite-strategy two-player games, and show that network activation in the long run is restricted to the set of rationalizable strategies. The network is not guaranteed to reach a stable activation state, but any pure strategy profile that constitutes a stab...
Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology - December 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
