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Facing HCV recurrence after liver transplantation: antiviral therapy response and clinical outcome
Publication date: December 2011Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 5, Issue 1Author(s): Maria Rendina, Stefano Fagiuoli, Patrizia Burra, Nicola Maurizio Castellaneta, Marianna Zappimbulso, Antonio Castellaneta, Roberto Bringiotti, Salvatore Fiabio Rizzi, Annamaria Squicciarino, Luigi Lupo, Alfredo Di LeoAbstractEnd-stage liver disease related to HCV infection is the most common indication for liver transplantation both in Europe and in USA (http://www.UNOS.org; http://www.ELTR.org). The results of liver transplantation for this indication are negatively affected by the high rate of viral recurrence whic...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Bacterial flora, gas and antibiotics
Publication date: July 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 2 Author(s): A. Colecchia , D. Festi , E. Scaioli , V. Ruggiero , M. Berardino , P. Portincasa The human gastrointestinal microflora is a complex ecosystem with about 500 different bacterial species. In healthy individuals, the human stomach and the proximal small bowel contain only a few bacterial species, with the terminal ileum considered a transitional zone between the proximal small bowel aerobic microflora and the colonic anaerobic bacteria. The colon hosts a complex and variegate microbiota, including anaerobes (bac...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - May 17, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Treatment options for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Publication date: July 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 2 Author(s): M. Gabrielli , L. Sparano , D. Roccarina , G. Vitale , E.C. Lauritano , A. Gasbarrini The best therapeutic approach for patients with small bowel bacterial overgrowth is a combination of the removal of all predisposing conditions and the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the case of non-modifiable predisposing factors, patients with bacterial overgrowth need a strict follow-up after successful decontamination with antibiotics, in order to promptly assess and treat disease recurrence. Up to now, ...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Publication date: July 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 2 Author(s): A. Parodi , E.C. Lauritano , G. Nardone , L. Fontana , V. Savarino , A. Gasbarrini In the adult, the human intestine houses myriads of microorganisms, quantitatively up to 100 trillion and qualitatively over 500 species of bacteria, exceeding the number of host somatic cells by at least one order of magnitude. Actually, it remains a mystery as to how the intestine is able to contain such large quantities of bacteria without evident harm to the host. However, it is well known that a very complex symbiotic relat...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Role of hydrogen and methane breath testing in gastrointestinal diseases
Publication date: July 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 2 Author(s): M. Di Stefano , G.R. Corazza The hydrogen and methane breath test represents a very simple, cheap, non-invasive diagnostic procedure to evaluate intraluminal events occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. Its clinical applications are, first of all, lactose malabsorption and small bowel bacterial overgrowth, but it has also been used to evaluate mouth-to-cecum transit time, sweetener malabsorption and intestinal mucosa integrity. Methodological aspects should be better evaluated and an improvement of its accuracy...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Microflora imbalance and gastrointestinal diseases
Publication date: July 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 2 Author(s): V. Ojetti , G. Gigante , M.E. Ainora , F. Fiore , F. Barbaro , A. Gasbarrini The human intestine lodges a large amount of microorganisms, with over 500 species of bacteria whose density increases through the small bowel reaching concentrations from 109 to 1014 colony-forming unit/ml in the colon. More than 99% of the gut microbiota is composed of bacteria that can be divided into 4 main families: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Numerous factors are involved in the control of gut m...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Intestinal microbiota and its functions
Publication date: July 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 2 Author(s): M. Montalto , F. D'Onofrio , A. Gallo , A. Cazzato , G. Gasbarrini The digestive tract harbours the largest and most complex microbial community of the human body, the intestinal microbiota, including about 800 different bacteria species. The distribution of this microflora is uneven, with highest concentrations in the colon. Bacterial colonization of human gut by environmental microbes, beginning immediately after birth, becomes more complex with increasing age, with a high degree of variability among human in...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Intestinal gas metabolism
We report a summary of the actual knowledge on this complex and interesting part of intestinal physiology. The volume of human intestinal gas is less than 200 ml and its composition varies along the gastrointestinal tract. More than 99% is composed of hydrogen, oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, while less than 1% is composed of various other odoriferous gases. Intestinal gas derives from swallowed air, intraluminal production (chemical reactions and bacterial metabolism) and diffusion into the lumen from bloodstream. Gas removal from the intestinal tract occurs by eructation, absorption, bacterial consumption a...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Introduction: Bacteria, gas and functional gastrointestinal disorders
Publication date: July 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 2 Author(s): E.C. Lauritano , A. Gasbarrini , G.R. Corazza (Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements)
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Conclusions
Publication date: November 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 3 Author(s): M. Colombo (Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements)
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

New therapeutic approaches for long-term control of chronic hepatitis B
Publication date: November 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 3 Author(s): M.R. Brunetto (Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements)
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Chronic hepatitis B: Do we know everything or is there still something to learn?
Publication date: November 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 3 Author(s): V. Di Marco (Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements)
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Intravenous versus intramuscular route: How to choose
Publication date: December 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 4 Author(s): S. Fagiuoli , L. Pasulo End-stage liver diseases due to HBV are among the major indications for liver transplantation worldwide and represent a peculiar issue in Italy where they can be as high as 25%. The widespread use of long-term prophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), either alone or in combination with antiviral drugs in the post-liver transplant period, has significantly improved both graft and patient survival. HBIG prophylaxis is usually administered intravenously, or intramuscularly The t...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular and intravenous HBIG: Which implications for practice?
Publication date: December 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 4 Author(s): L. Castells , I. Campos-Varela , M. Buti , R. Esteban A major achievement for patients transplanted for hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated end-stage liver disease is the successful prevention of reinfection with high dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG). The introduction of lamivudine in combination with HBIG reduces recurrence rates to less than 5% at 5 years. Currently, this combination is the accepted standard regimen in most transplantation units. However, a major drawback of this therapy is that hi...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Hyperimmune immunoglobulins: Manufacturing technologies and safety procedures
Publication date: December 2009 Source:Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements, Volume 3, Issue 4 Author(s): N. Marzo , F. Belda , P. Ristol , M. López , R. Gajardo , J.I. Jorquera Instituto Grifols has developed two different sterile and ready to use anti-hepatitis B (anti-HB) enriched immunoglobulin concentrates: Niuliva® is a 5% intravenous immunoglobulin solution with 250 IU/ml anti-HB potency, and Gamma anti-hepatitis B Grifols® (Igantibe®in some countries) is a 16% intramuscular immunoglobulin solution with 200 IU/ml anti-HB potency. The production process includes careful plasma donor selection, analys...
Source: Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements - November 2, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research