What is bullying? A theoretical redefinition
Publication date: Available online 14 October 2014 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Anthony A. Volk , Andrew V. Dane , Zopito A. Marini Bullying is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon that directly affects hundreds of millions of people each year. The importance of bullying has led to research in the last two decades that has produced hundreds, if not thousands, of papers on the topic. In large part this research was stimulated by a definition provided by Olweus in 1993. That definition has proven to be tremendously useful as a starting point for research, but it was created in the absence of recent empiric...
Source: Developmental Review - November 4, 2014 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Training attentional control and working memory – Is younger, better?
Publication date: December 2012 Source:Developmental Review, Volume 32, Issue 4 Author(s): S.V. Wass , G. Scerif , M.H. Johnson Authors have argued that various forms of interventions may be more effective in younger children. Is cognitive training also more effective, the earlier the training is applied? We review evidence suggesting that functional neural networks, including those subserving attentional control, may be more unspecialised and undifferentiated earlier in development. We also discuss evidence suggesting that certain skills such as attentional control may be important as ‘hub’ cognitive domains, g...
Source: Developmental Review - November 1, 2014 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Interventions to reduce prejudice and enhance inclusion and respect for ethnic differences in early childhood: A systematic review
In conclusion, the findings were more mixed than expected, though sufficiently strong studies exist to provide lessons for future research. Highlights ► Thirty-two studies evaluating interventions were reviewed and assessed for quality. ► Contact and media/instruction interventions were equally effective. ► Under half the 62 attitude and 59 peer relation effects were positively significant. ► Effects on attitudes of majority ethnic children were largely positive. ► Communication and developmental theories and random assignment designs were lacking. (Source: Developmental Review)
Source: Developmental Review - November 1, 2014 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Using E-Z Reader to examine the concurrent development of eye-movement control and reading skill
Publication date: June 2013 Source:Developmental Review, Volume 33, Issue 2 Author(s): Erik D. Reichle , Simon P. Liversedge , Denis Drieghe , Hazel I. Blythe , Holly S.S.L. Joseph , Sarah J. White , Keith Rayner Compared to skilled adult readers, children typically make more fixations that are longer in duration, shorter saccades, and more regressions, thus reading more slowly (Blythe & Joseph, 2011). Recent attempts to understand the reasons for these differences have discovered some similarities (e.g., children and adults target their saccades similarly; Joseph, Liversedge, Blythe, White, & Ra...
Source: Developmental Review - November 1, 2014 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
From early markers to neuro-developmental mechanisms of autism
Publication date: September 2014 Source:Developmental Review, Volume 34, Issue 3 Author(s): T. Gliga , E.J.H. Jones , R. Bedford , T. Charman , M.H. Johnson A fast growing field, the study of infants at risk because of having an older sibling with autism (i.e. infant sibs) aims to identify the earliest signs of this disorder, which would allow for earlier diagnosis and intervention. More importantly, we argue, these studies offer the opportunity to validate existing neuro-developmental models of autism against experimental evidence. Although autism is mainly seen as a disorder of social interaction and communicati...
Source: Developmental Review - November 1, 2014 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
