Infant capacities related to building internal working models of attachment figures: A theoretical and empirical review
Publication date: Available online 13 July 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Laura J. Sherman, Katherine Rice, Jude Cassidy According to attachment theory (e.g., Bowlby, 1969/1982, 1973, 1980), infants develop cognitive models (termed internal working models, IWMs) of their attachment figures during the first year of life. Bowlby proposed his initial thinking about IWMs as more of an outline than a fully defined concept (Bretherton & Munholland, 2008). As such, considerable subsequent theoretical and empirical works have aimed to increase understanding of how IWMs operate (e.g., Bretherton &...
Source: Developmental Review - July 19, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Executive function: Reflection, iterative reprocessing, complexity, and the developing brain
This article describes executive function (EF) and its development from the perspective of the Iterative Reprocessing (IR) model. According to this model, reflection, or the reflective reprocessing of information prior to responding, provides a foundation for the control of attention – flexibly, over time, and selectively (i.e., cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control). This goal-directed modulation of attention is typically verbally mediated and involves the formulation and maintenance in working memory of explicit action-oriented rules. The development of EF is made possible, in part, by increases...
Source: Developmental Review - July 19, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Theories of cognitive development: From Piaget to today
Publication date: Available online 14 July 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Pierre Barrouillet At the occasion of their fortieth anniversary, the Archives Jean Piaget, a foundation created by Bärbel Inhelder in 1974 for the preservation and promulgation of Piaget's oeuvre, invited in Geneva ten among the most prominent and influential developmental psychologists to the first Jean Piaget Conferences. Cognitive developmental psychology has undergone radical changes during these last four decades since the last formulations of Piaget's constructivism. In this double special issue, the invitees of the Jean Pi...
Source: Developmental Review - July 19, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
A review of the empirical assessment of processes in ethnic–racial socialization: Examining methodological advances and future areas of development
Publication date: Available online 19 May 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Miwa Yasui A rapid increase in the empirical literature on ethnic–racial socialization has led to the development of numerous assessments that capture various aspects of the ethnic–racial socialization process. To examine the methodological advances, this paper uses the Process Model of Ethnic–Racial Socialization (PMERS) to systematically review the assessment of ethnic–racial socialization among ethnic minority families in order to review how existing measures assess differential processes of ethnic–racial socialization. ...
Source: Developmental Review - June 1, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Children's emotion understanding: A meta-analysis of training studies
Conclusion Emotion understanding training may be a promising tool for both preventive intervention and the psychotherapeutic process. However, more well-controlled studies are needed. (Source: Developmental Review)
Source: Developmental Review - June 1, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Maternal prenatal stress and infant birth weight and gestational age: A meta-analysis of prospective studies
Discussion focuses on the need to identify the kinds of stress most related to birth outcome, as well as the biological and environmental contexts that serve to mediate this relation. (Source: Developmental Review)
Source: Developmental Review - May 9, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Examining developmental fit of the Adult Attachment Interview in adolescence
Publication date: Available online 4 May 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Kelly A. Warmuth , E. Mark Cummings When measuring attachment security, considering the developmental period of interest is imperative when deciding which measure of attachment to use. In the current review, we note a lack of fit between the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) – which is widely regarded as the gold standard for assessing attachment in adolescence – and the stage-salient experiences of adolescence. First, we explore how some of these normative experiences complicate assessment of attachment in adolescence. Second, we...
Source: Developmental Review - May 5, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
A review of physical growth in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Publication date: Available online 23 February 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Cherie Green , Cheryl Dissanayake , Danuta Loesch Head circumference growth in individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been well characterized in the first two to three years of life and reflects a period of acceleration followed by a period of deceleration when compared with their typically developing (TD) peers. While this altered growth trajectory has been consistently found for head circumference, it is less clear if an abnormal growth trajectory also exists across measures of height and weight. Moreover, mo...
Source: Developmental Review - March 2, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Parent–child role-confusion: A critical review of an emerging concept
Publication date: Available online 27 February 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Jenny Macfie , Laura E. Brumariu , Karlen Lyons-Ruth We propose that role-confusion or role reversal between parent and child is a major risk factor for a child's development, yet one that has gone largely unnoticed. In the context of an evolutionary tension between parental reproductive needs and child needs for nurturing, parental history and current stressors may affect the ability to invest in parenting a particular child. When adult relationships do not provide adequate emotional and instrumental support to the parent, he...
Source: Developmental Review - March 2, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Five Minute Speech Sample in developmental research: A review
Publication date: Available online 17 February 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Efrat Sher-Censor The Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) originated in the adult psychiatry literature, and is mostly used for assessing caregivers' expressed emotion (EE) regarding a relative with mental illness. In recent years the FMSS has been increasingly employed in research with parents and young children. This review focuses on the FMSS procedure from a developmental perspective. We open with a historical overview of the origins of the FMSS and the EE coding system, followed by a summary of FMSS-EE developmental research. ...
Source: Developmental Review - February 19, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and parenting: A conceptual framework
Conclusions The conceptual framework developed can be used to inform future research and practice. Longitudinal studies that assess the temporal relationship of maternal emotion and cognitive control and parenting are necessary to establish causality. Research that addresses how maternal emotion regulation and cognitive control capacities are related to mothers' enrollment and participation in parenting and early intervention programs is an important next step to strengthening policy and intervention work. (Source: Developmental Review)
Source: Developmental Review - February 19, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
An upward spiral: Bidirectional associations between positive affect and positive aspects of close relationships across the life span
Publication date: Available online 7 February 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Meagan A. Ramsey , Amy L. Gentzler Both positive affect and positive close relationships contribute significantly to overall well-being. This review examines the literature assessing associations between positive affect and positive indices within close relationships across the life span. Specifically, the reviewed research includes parent–child relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships in relation to a variety of positive emotions and happiness more generally. This review also highlights several processes that ma...
Source: Developmental Review - February 17, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
The developing brain in a multitasking world
Publication date: Available online 9 February 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Mary K. Rothbart , Michael I. Posner To understand the problem of multitasking, it is necessary to examine the brain's attention networks that underlie the ability to switch attention between stimuli and tasks and to maintain a single focus among distractors. In this paper we discuss the development of brain networks related to the functions of achieving the alert state, orienting to sensory events, and developing self-control. These brain networks are common to everyone, but their efficiency varies among individuals and reflect...
Source: Developmental Review - February 17, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Growing up multitasking: The costs and benefits for cognitive development
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Mary L. Courage , Aishah Bakhtiar , Cheryll Fitzpatrick , Sophie Kenny , Katie Brandeau Current work, play, and learning environments require multitasking activities from children, adolescents and adults. Advances in web-enabled and multi-function devices have created a perceived need to stay “wired” to multiple media sources. The increased demand that these activities place on information processing resources has raised concerns about the quality of learning and performance under multitasking conditions. Young children,...
Source: Developmental Review - February 17, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
The use of ground rules in investigative interviews with children: A synthesis and call for research
Publication date: Available online 22 January 2015 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Sonja P. Brubacher , Debra Ann Poole , Jason J. Dickinson Guidelines for conducting investigative interviews with children often include instructions that explain the conversational rules of the interview. Despite the widespread and international use of such instructions (also referred to as “ground rules”), the body of research characterizing children's understanding of these rules and documenting the impact of instruction on memory reports is relatively small. We review the use of ground rules in investigative interviews,...
Source: Developmental Review - January 23, 2015 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
