Midlife risk factors for late-life cognitive decline
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2018 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Sarah Carroll, Eric Turkheimer Cognitive aging is a distinct process of gradual change in cognitive function throughout the lifespan, with the most pronounced decline occurring in memory and reaction time during old age (Blazer, Yaffe, & Karlawish, 2015). A multitude of factors in midlife predict subsequent cognitive decline. This paper reviews research from five areas of midlife functioning that are associated with late-life cognitive impairment, ranging from mild decline to clinical manifestations of dementia. Within ea...
Source: Developmental Review - February 12, 2018 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Empathy from infancy to adolescence: An attachment perspective on the development of individual differences
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Jessica A. Stern, Jude Cassidy Empathy involves understanding and “feeling with” others’ emotions, and is an essential capacity underlying sensitive care in humans and other species. Evidence suggests that the roots of empathy appear early in ontogeny, and that individual differences in empathy bear meaningfully on children’s social behavior and relationships throughout development. Here we draw upon attachment theory to provide a conceptual model of how attachment may contribute to individual differences in empathic devel...
Source: Developmental Review - November 1, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Examination of associations between informal help-seeking behavior, social support, and adolescent psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis
This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring both help-seeking behavior from informal sources and social support in their association with psychosocial outcomes in adolescence. The meta-analysis examines 79 effect sizes from 8 studies, analyzing data on informal help-seeking from 5285 youth aged 12–19 years. For social support, the meta-analysis examines 378 effect sizes from 51 studies, analyzing data from 196,247 youth aged 12–19 years. The results of a series of random effects models showed significant associations between help-seeking from informal sources and each of externalizing behavior (...
Source: Developmental Review - October 24, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
The influences of described and experienced information on adolescent risky decision making
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Gail M. Rosenbaum, Vinod Venkatraman, Laurence Steinberg, Jason M. Chein Adolescents are known to take more risks than adults, which can be harmful to their health and well-being. However, despite age differences in real-world risk taking, laboratory risk-taking paradigms often do not evince these developmental patterns. Recent findings in the literature suggest that this inconsistency may be due in part to differences between how adolescents process information about risk when it is described (e.g., in a description-based class...
Source: Developmental Review - October 22, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Developmental model of parent-child coordination for self-regulation across childhood and into emerging adulthood: Type 1 diabetes management as an example
Publication date: Available online 21 September 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Cynthia A. Berg, Jonathan Butner, Deborah J. Wiebe, Amy Hughes Lansing, Peter Osborn, Pamela S. King, Debra L. Palmer, Jorie M. Butler Developing individuals and their families benefit from a warm and supportive relationship that fosters the development of good self-regulatory skills in the child needed for a host of positive developmental outcomes. Children and parents face special challenges to self-regulation when faced with a child’s chronic illness. A developmental model is presented that traces how positive parenta...
Source: Developmental Review - September 22, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
How do views on aging affect health outcomes in adulthood and late life? Explanations for an established connection
Publication date: Available online 14 September 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Susanne Wurm, Manfred Diehl, Anna E. Kornadt, Gerben J. Westerhof, Hans-Werner Wahl Personal views on aging, such as age stereotypes and subjective aging, can affect various health outcomes in later life. For the past 20years or so, a large body of experimental and longitudinal work has provided ample evidence for this connection. Thus, it seems timely to better understand the pathways of this linkage. The majority of existing studies has either focused on age stereotypes or subjective aging. This theoretical paper provides a...
Source: Developmental Review - September 14, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Severe stress and the development of the amygdala in youth: A theory and its statistical implications
Publication date: Available online 20 August 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Carl F. Weems An empirical understanding of normal developmental variation in the amygdala is emerging. However, studies examining volumetric differences in the amygdala among patient populations, particularly individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), have not produced a consistent pattern of findings. One reason for this may be the failure to effectively address age variation in study design and data analysis. Findings on age related variation in human amygdala volumes as well as the role of stress on amygdala developm...
Source: Developmental Review - August 21, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Twenty years of research on parental mind-mindedness: Empirical findings, theoretical and methodological challenges, and new directions
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Catherine A. McMahon, Annie Bernier Mind-mindedness refers to a caregiver’s tendency to treat the young child as an individual with a mind of his or her own. It is assessed in the first year of life by the caregiver’s tendency to comment appropriately on, and not misread, the infant’s mental states (thoughts, feelings, preferences) during interaction and in older children by the caregivers’ spontaneous use of mental state words in response to an invitation to describe their child. This narrative review first describes the con...
Source: Developmental Review - July 29, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Raising IQ among school-aged children: Five meta-analyses and a review of randomized controlled trials
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): John Protzko In this paper, we examine nearly every available randomized controlled trial that attempts to raise IQ in children from once they begin kindergarten until pre-adolescence. We use meta-analytic procedures when there are more than three studies employing similar methods, reviewing individual interventions when too few replications are available for a quantitative analysis. All studies included in this synthesis are on non-clinical populations. This yields five fixed-effects meta-analyses on the roles of dietary supplementat...
Source: Developmental Review - July 11, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Executive function and metacognition: Towards a unifying framework of cognitive self-regulation
Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Claudia M. Roebers Executive function and metacognition are higher-order cognitive processes that undergo steady improvements throughout childhood. They are highly relevant to daily functioning in various domains, including academic achievement. Both concepts have been intensively researched, but surprisingly little literature has sought to connect them theoretically and empirically. In the present review, I elaborate on the similarities between these concepts from a developmental perspective, including the definitions, developmental ti...
Source: Developmental Review - May 5, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Do children fare for better and for worse? Associations among child features and parenting with child competence and symptoms
Publication date: Available online 24 April 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Jill A. Rabinowitz, Deborah A.G. Drabick Children vary in their sensitivity to parenting practices, which may influence their competence and development of psychological symptoms. Three theoretical frameworks that address youth’s sensitivity to parenting and potential outcomes include the diathesis-stress model, differential susceptibility hypothesis, and the vantage sensitivity hypothesis. The purpose of the present review is to examine the relations among child genetic, endophenotypic, and phenotypic attributes with parenting, a...
Source: Developmental Review - April 25, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
A developmental psychopathology perspective on autobiographical memory in autism spectrum disorder
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Christina G. McDonnell, Kristin Valentino, Joshua John Diehl Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition defined along a continuum of socio-communicative difficulties, is associated with unique patterns of memory functioning including difficulties with autobiographical memory (AM). AM refers to memory for information related to the self and personally experienced events and has a strong social function. The current paper reviews empirical studies assessing AM among individuals with ASD across the lifespan. Results support that bo...
Source: Developmental Review - February 14, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
The relationship between television exposure and children ’s cognition and behaviour: A systematic review
Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Katarzyna Kostyrka-Allchorne, Nicholas R. Cooper, Andrew Simpson The aim of this article is to systematically review the literature studying the association between television viewing and children’s executive function, academic performance, attention, language and play. Using keywords: television, children, infants, attention, language, education and cognition, five online databases were searched. Seventy-six studies that met all the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The findings suggest the relationship between television view...
Source: Developmental Review - January 16, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Does prosody make the difference? A meta-analysis on relations between prosodic aspects of infant-directed speech and infant outcomes
Publication date: Available online 13 January 2017 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Maria Spinelli, Mirco Fasolo, Judi Mesman Infant-directed speech (IDS) is the particular voice register observed in the majority of parents in interaction with their infants and differs from natural speech used in conversations with adults by showing exaggerated prosodic features. These prosodic features are supposed to have effects on regulating infant arousal and attention, fostering infant pre-linguistic and linguistic competences and enhancing the expression of positive affect. The present set of meta-analyses was conducted t...
Source: Developmental Review - January 12, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
The youngest readers ’ dilemma: A review of children’s learning from fictional sources
Publication date: Available online 7 December 2016 Source:Developmental Review Author(s): Emily J. Hopkins, Deena Skolnick Weisberg Young children are surrounded by fictional media, including books, videos, and games. Often they are expected to learn new information from these explicitly fictional sources, while simultaneously avoiding confusion about what is true in the real world versus what is true only in fictional worlds. How do children navigate this “reader’s dilemma”? The current review addresses this question by first examining whether fiction can change children’s real-world knowledge or behaviors, bo...
Source: Developmental Review - December 9, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
