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Nanoporous materials in polymeric membranes for desalination
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 20Author(s): Pinar Cay-Durgun, Mary Laura LindPressure-driven membrane desalination processes require new membranes that have increased energy-efficiency, perm-selectivity, resistance to chlorine, and resistance to fouling. Incorporation of nanoporous materials (e.g. zeolites, metal–organic frameworks, and graphene-based materials) into the state-of-the-art polyamide-based thin film composite (TFC) membranes is one strategy to address these challenges. This requires effectively incorporating nanomaterials into the polymer structure and und...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Two-dimensional materials: an emerging platform for gas separation membranes
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 20Author(s): Farhad Moghadam, Ho Bum ParkGraphene and its derivatives are of particular interest as emerging platforms for molecular separation. However, there are abundant 2D nanomaterials other than graphene that have unique and intriguing structural features that can be exploited for membrane-based separation that have not been extensively studied. Furthermore, from a materials synthesis standpoint, realizing high yield and scalable methods for massive production of 2D nanomaterials is critical. Liquid-based exfoliation to produce 2D nano...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Sorption-enhanced membrane materials for gas separation: a road less traveled
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 20Author(s): Maryam Omidvar, Hien Nguyen, Junyi Liu, Haiqing LinSolubility and diffusivity constitute two vertically tunable parameters for designing high-performance membrane materials for gas separation. The latter approach has received great attention, yielding a wealth of size-sieving materials reported in the literature. By contrast, this review highlights recent achievements of sorption-enhanced materials with superior gas separation performance, including fluorinated polymers for He/gas and gas/CH4 separations, and polar polymers and ...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Development of ZIF-8 membranes: opportunities and challenges for commercial applications
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 20Author(s): Zhiping LaiMetal organic framework (MOF) membranes have attracted significant attentions in recent years because of their potentials in gas and liquid separations and other applications such as catalysis and chemical sensors, etc. More than half of the MOF membrane publications up to date are related to ZIF-8 system, because of its easy synthesis, relatively high stability, and excellent gas separation performance, which allows many novel ideas to be easily implemented. Extensive studies have shown that ZIF-8 membranes hold grea...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Flexibility of metal-organic frameworks for separations: utilization, suppression and regulation
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 20Author(s): Hua Jin, Yanshuo LiFramework flexibility and dynamic behavior are unique characteristics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Gate-opening, as one of flexibility modes of MOFs, is mainly triggered by guest adsorption. The gate-opening feature of MOFs is influenced by the types of guest molecules, pressure, temperature and crystal size of MOFs. Gate-opening of MOFs led to an unexpected selectivity when used as adsorbents, as a result of guest-dependent gate-opening pressure. However, when MOFs were adapted for membrane separations...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Metal-organic framework adsorbents and membranes for separation applications
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 20Author(s): Jingui Duan, Yichang Pan, Gongping Liu, Wanqin JinWith versatile chemical and engineering design, the more attention of metal-organic framework (MOF) material is shifting from its fundamental studies to industrial applications, such as engineering MOF adsorbents and membranes for selective guest capture and separations. Learned from zeolites, various effective strategies in material design, adsorbents assembly, and membranes fabrication have enabled the MOFs gradually to approach high industrial standards, bearing their unique c...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Present and future of MOF research in the field of adsorption and molecular separation
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 20Author(s): Camille PetitIt is a critical and exciting time for research on adsorption using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as we witness the commercial release of the MOF-based products TruPick and ION-X, two MOF-based products with application in the food packaging and electronic gas delivery platform sectors, respectively. Such milestones call for reflection on the outputs of MOF research in the field of adsorption so far and the challenges and opportunities lying ahead. To this end, this review provides a snapshot of current trends i...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Editorial overview: Nanotechnology: Nanocatalysts and nanomaterials in chemical conversion for sustainability
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 20Author(s): Hong Yang, Hua Chun Zeng (Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering)
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Editorial overview: Separation engineering: Recent development in porous materials for efficient molecular separation
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 20Author(s): Wei Zhang, Kang Li (Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering)
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Lattice Boltzmann simulations for multi-scale chemical engineering
Publication date: September 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 21Author(s): Harry EA Van den AkkerThis review starts with a concise explanation of the basics and advantages of the Lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) for simulating both single-phase and multiphase complex flow systems. The focus is on recent developments in the field of LBMs, particularly with respect to the multi-component pseudo-potential LBM, which is excellently suitable for simulating individual drops and bubbles as well as emulsions (including surfactants) and bubbly flows. Very promising findings have also been reported on applying...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Facts and alternative facts in chemical kinetics: remarks about the kinetic use of activities, termolecular processes, and linearization techniques
Publication date: September 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 21Author(s): Gábor LenteThis contribution examines three different controversial questions that arise in the everyday practice of chemical kinetics. First, it is argued that concentrations should be used as independent variables in rate equations rather than activities. The occasional use of activities in this context might be a result of a false analogy with well-established thermodynamic practices. Second, it is argued that termolecular elementary reactions might be more common than generally assumed. Formulas are derived to calculat...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Recent advances in dynamic chemical characterization using Temporal Analysis of Products
Publication date: September 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 21Author(s): Rebecca Fushimi, John GleavesThe Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP) technique is a pulse response methodology that reveals the time-dependent evolution of chemical processes between a gas phase molecule and a solid surface. By simplifying both the transport and kinetic processes the complexity of a multistep chemical processes can be distilled to where the underlying fundamental steps can be distinguished. Moreover, the technique is applicable to real materials (e.g. industrial catalysts) and hence the complexity of the so...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Logical versus kinetic modeling of biological networks: applications in cancer research
Publication date: September 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 21Author(s): Laurence Calzone, Emmanuel Barillot, Andrei ZinovyevMathematical modeling of biological networks is a promising approach to understand the complexity of cancer progression, which can be understood as accumulated abnormalities in the kinetics of cellular biochemistry. Two major modeling formalisms (languages) have been used for this purpose in the last couple of decades: one is based on the application of classical chemical kinetics of reaction networks and the other one is based on discrete kinetics representation (called l...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Advances in mathematical modelling of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dynamics and the neuroendocrine response to stress
Publication date: September 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 21Author(s): Ana Stanojević, Vladimir M Marković, Željko Čupić, Ljiljana Kolar-Anić, Vladana VukojevićStress is a physiological reaction of an organism to a demand for change that is imposed by external factors or is coming from within by way of physiological strains or self-perceived mental and/or emotional threats (internal factors). It manifests itself through the sudden release of a flood of hormones, including corticosteroids, into the blood, which rouse the body for action. Normally, stress is beneficial, but when lasting o...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

New directions for nonlinear process optimization
Publication date: September 2018Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, Volume 21Author(s): Lorenz T .BieglerThe last three decades have seen tremendous advances in nonlinear programming (NLP) algorithms and software for process optimization. Moreover, powerful optimization modeling environments enable the formulation and solution of large-scale optimization applications. In fact, the combination of modern NLP algorithms and optimization platforms leads to fast solution strategies that now routinely solve problems with 104–106 variables, with major impacts in process design, operations and control. This is illus...
Source: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering - July 5, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research