The ATP-driven Hsp60 Machinery: Biological and Clinical Implications
The 60 kDa heat shock chaperonin protein 60 (Hsp60 or Cpn60) is highly conserved in evolution and present in nearly all organisms. Eukaryotic paralogues are nuclear encoded but act in certain intra- and extracellular compartments including venous blood. HSP60s function as ATP-dependent molecular chaperones and collaborate with further chaperones to perform their duties. While intracellular HSP60s are crucially involved in proteostasis as well as pro-apoptotic and pro-survival pathways, membrane-bound and extracellular HSP60s are thought to function as danger signals to the immune system and act as powerful immune mediators...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - September 6, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Versatile Functions of Heat Shock Factors: It is Not All About Stress
Organisms are constantly exposed to acute and chronic stress conditions, which challenge the maintenance of protein homeostasis. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) function as molecular chaperones to stabilize protein structures, facilitate refolding of misfolded proteins, and prevent uncontrolled protein aggregation. Therefore, HSPs serve as the first and last line of defense in the events of proteotoxic stresses. The stress-inducible expression of HSPs, which is a hallmark of the heat shock response, is under strict control of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, known as Heat Shock Factors (HSFs). Invertebrates have ...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - September 6, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Editorial: The Heat Shock Protein Chaperone Interaction Network as Guardian of the Proteome in Health and Disease
(Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - September 6, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Meet Our Regional Editor
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Source: Current Immunology Reviews - September 6, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Acknowledgements to reviewers
(Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - July 28, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients with β -Thalassemia Major
Conclusion: In our study the patients with β-thalassemia major had lower natural killer (NK) lymphocytes than healthy control. (Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - July 28, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Orchestrating HIV Neutralization by Secondary Immune Response- Mediated Induction of RF Antibodies
Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection is among the main challenges for HIV vaccines. Neutralization-enhancing RF antibodies (NeRFa) arising against immune complexes during secondary immune response not only enhance the action of neutralizing antibodies but also make infectionenhancing antibodies neutralizing in a sensitized virus. NeRFa represent the oldest type of immune response since it protects a fetus with unformed immune system from maternally acquired infections. Vaccination with HIV gp120 glycoprotein each 3 weeks may be a strategy to induce NeRFa both in prophylactic and therapeutic immunizations. Twenty-fol...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - January 12, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Role of IL-17F in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease with a genetic basis. The increased expression of IL-17F gene and protein is observed in the lesional skins of psoriatic patients. We and other groups discovered human IL-17F gene that shows the highest homology with IL-17A. IL-17F induces various inflammatory molecules, such as IL-6 and IL-8. IL-17F is mainly derived from Th17, Tc17 and ILC3 cells, and induces CCL20 expression, resulting in the recruitment of additional IL-17F-producing cells to enhance skin inflammation via CCR6. The receptor for IL-17F is the heterodimeric complex of IL-17RA and IL-17RC, and several...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - January 12, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Thinking Outside the Brain: Immunorregulation in Multiple Sclerosis
A defective immunorregulation has been demonstrated at different levels in autoimmune disease and in multiple sclerosis (MS) in particular, which can be partly restored by therapies used for MS. This fact highlights the relevance of promoting specific tolerance for central nervous system antigens for the prevention of MS. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on the role of the diverse regulatory immune cell subsets to convey an integrated view of MS pathogenesis in the framework of the immune and psychoneuroendocrine metasystem. We also discuss the effects of MS therapies on these regulatory cells’ subsets...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - January 12, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Developments Towards a Prophylactic Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 3% of the human population. Although decades of research have amassed since the virus was characterized in 1989, there remains no prophylactic HCV vaccine approved for clinical use. The vast genetic variability of HCV, together with weak host immune responses following infection, and a paucity of suitable animal models for HCV vaccine research, have made HCV an elusive vaccine target. Despite the recent advances in medical treatment enjoyed by wealthy nations, there remains an unmet need for an affordable, effective, and ...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - January 12, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
NF-κB in Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Probiotics: An Update
The NF-κB (nuclear factor κappa B) belongs to a family of transcription factors that regulate a number of key cellular pathways and control many physiological processes, including the immune and inflammatory responses. The beneficial effect of probiotics is presently recognized in both the intestinal and extra-intestinal development. The growing literature on the subject suggests an important role of specific probiotic strains, mixtures of strains, and secreted products, all of which have a role in either the preventive or therapeutic treatment of certain human disorders. During the last two decades, a number of ...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - January 12, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Immunotherapeutic Options for Pediatric Malignancies
Conclusion: The robust immunological responsiveness of pediatric patients constitutes a unique opportunity for maximum therapeutic impact but additional investigation needs to be directed toward further understanding the operational mechanisms of immune suppression in pediatric tumors and alternative approaches for antigenically bland tumors. (Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - January 12, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Meet Our Editorial Board Member
(Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - January 12, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Under Performance of Anti Tuberculosis Vaccine MVA85A in BCGPrimed Subjects: A Commentary
Developing an effective anti tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is a top priority for global control of TB. Since BCG has limited protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, efforts are being made to improve its protective efficacy further. Prime-boost is a strategy whereby an individual is primed with BCG followed by boosting with a heterologous anti TB vaccine/antigen. In several instances, boosting involves up-modulation of CD4+ Th1 mediated cellular immunity by stimulation with the corresponding antigen(s) as well as by down modulating the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. In a recent trial with such a bo...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - March 31, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Emerging Cytokines in Allergic Airway Inflammation: A Genetic Update
Conclusion: The emergence of new classes of T-helper effector cells and their cytokines has led to a change in our understanding of asthma pathogenesis. This has created both new opportunities and challenges for researchers involved in this field, and is likely to result in improvements and progress in identifying and developing novel therapeutic measures and innovative treatments for asthma. (Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - March 31, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
