Double-crosser of the Immune System: Macrophages in Tumor Progression and Metastasis
Macrophages are the phagocytic sentinel cells of our body, with high plasticity required to maintain homeostasis. This incredibly diverse set of cells, in response to various environmental stimuli such as cytokines and other factors, constantly alters their functional state/phenotype. They undergo polarization not only into conventional M1/M2 axis but also undergo a diverse spectrum of macrophage subtypes which play critical roles in various immune functions and homeostasis. In the tumor microenvironment, monocytes polarize along with the alternatively activated macrophages AAM or M2 macrophages associated with pro-tumoral...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - June 30, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Possible Mechanisms Explaining the Association between Zika Virus and Guillain-barre Syndrome: An Immunological Approach
After the outbreak in French Polynesia, Zika virus (ZIKV) explosive pandemic occurred in 2015, reports that ZIKV was linked to other diseases, especially neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), also burst in almost every continent, thereby turning into an international concern. In South America, the highest incidence occurred in Venezuela with approximately 680 cases of GBS after ZIKV infection. Currently, the main roots of this association remain unknown. In this regard, it is thought that the immune system plays a central role in such association through the host protection or even improving ZI...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - June 30, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Development of Mucosal Immunity: Functional Interactions with Mucosal Microbiome in Health and Disease
This report provides an overview of the mammalian microbiome and highlights its role in the evolution and functional development of immunologic defenses in the mucosal surface under normal physiologic conditions and during infectious and non-infectious inflammatory pathologic states associated with altered microbiota. (Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - June 30, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Meet Our Editorial Board Member
(Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - June 30, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Acknowledgements to Reviewers
(Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - December 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Interleukin-6 and Malondialdehyde in Women with Preterm Birth
Conclusion: Elevated maternal serum levels of Interleukin-6 and Malondialdehyde in preterm as compared to full-term birth might suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role in PTB. (Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - December 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Managing Febrile Illness in Malaria-endemic Areas: Developing Novel Diagnostics Using Host Immunological Signatures as Surrogate Markers of Infection
Recent research has highlighted the growing public health concern arising from mismanagement of malarial and non-malarial febrile illnesses that present with similar clinical symptoms. A retrospective examination of patient records suggests that a syndrome-based diagnosis results in over-diagnosis of malaria. Consequently, interventions to mitigate the frequency of presumptive treatment of fever in malaria-endemic settings have been sought, especially for resourcelimited areas. Guidelines that promote the use of microbiological tests and modern diagnostic kits have demonstrated laudable progress in the ongoing challenge of...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - December 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Recent Advances in Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Cancer is the second leading cause of death and morbidity in the world among noncommunicable diseases after cardiovascular ailments. With the advancement in science and research, a number of therapies have been developed to treat cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Chemo and radiotherapy have been in use since the last two decades, however these are not devoid of their own intrinsic problems, such as myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and immunosuppression. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative methods for the treatment of cancer. An increase in the case...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - December 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Double-crosser of the Immune System: Macrophages in Tumor Progression and Metastasis
Macrophages are the phagocytic sentinel cells of our body, with high plasticity required to maintain homeostasis. This incredibly diverse set of cells, in response to various environmental stimuli such as cytokines and other factors, constantly alters their functional state/phenotype. They undergo polarization not only into conventional M1/M2 axis but also undergo a diverse spectrum of macrophage subtypes which play critical roles in various immune functions and homeostasis. In the tumor microenvironment, monocytes polarize along with the alternatively activated macrophages AAM or M2 macrophages associated with pro-tumoral...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - December 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Possible Mechanisms Explaining the Association between Zika Virus and Guillain-barre Syndrome: An Immunological Approach
After the outbreak in French Polynesia, Zika virus (ZIKV) explosive pandemic occurred in 2015, reports that ZIKV was linked to other diseases, especially neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), also burst in almost every continent, thereby turning into an international concern. In South America, the highest incidence occurred in Venezuela with approximately 680 cases of GBS after ZIKV infection. Currently, the main roots of this association remain unknown. In this regard, it is thought that the immune system plays a central role in such association through the host protection or even improving ZI...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - December 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Development of Mucosal Immunity: Functional Interactions with Mucosal Microbiome in Health and Disease
This report provides an overview of the mammalian microbiome and highlights its role in the evolution and functional development of immunologic defenses in the mucosal surface under normal physiologic conditions and during infectious and non-infectious inflammatory pathologic states associated with altered microbiota. (Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - December 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Meet Our Editorial Board Member
(Source: Current Immunology Reviews)
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - December 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
HIV and SIV in Body Fluids: From Breast Milk to the Genitourinary Tract
HIV-1 is present in many secretions including oral, intestinal, genital, and breast milk. However, most people exposed to HIV-1 within these mucosal compartments do not become infected despite often frequent and repetitive exposure over prolonged periods of time. In this review, we discuss what is known about the levels of cell-free HIV RNA, cell-associated HIV DNA and cellassociated HIV RNA in external secretions. Levels of virus are usually lower than contemporaneously obtained blood, increased in settings of inflammation and infection, and decreased in response to antiretroviral therapy. Additionally, each mucosal compa...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - April 12, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Pediatric HIV-1 Acquisition and Lifelong Consequences of Infant Infection
Increased availability of antiretroviral therapy to pregnant and breastfeeding women in resource-limited areas has proven remarkably successful at reducing HIV vertical transmission rates over the past several decades. Yet, still, more than 170,000 children are infected annually due to failures in therapy implementation, monitoring, and adherence. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 can occur at one of several distinct stages of infant development – intrauterine, intrapartum, and postpartum. The heterogeneity of the maternal-fetal interface at each of these modes of transmission poses a challenge for the impleme...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - April 12, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to Prevent the Sexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Passive immunization has been used since the late 1800’s to prevent and treat human infectious diseases. Administration of animal immune sera and human immunoglobulin has given way to the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for passive immunization, and highly potent broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies (bNAbs) are now being considered for HIV therapy and prophylaxis. Recent studies have shown that systemic and topical administration of bNAbs can effectively inhibit HIV/SHIV mucosal transmission in macaques and in humanized mice, and selected bNAbs are currently being tested in clinical trials for safety and efficacy...
Source: Current Immunology Reviews - April 12, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
