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Carotid-Cavernous Fistula as a Complication of Facial Trauma: A Case Report
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma ReconstructionDOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1396524Posttraumatic carotid-cavernous fistula is a very rare complication that can occur in patients with craniomaxillofacial trauma. Symptoms involve headache, diplopia, ptosis of the upper lid, conjunctival chemosis, pulsating exophthalmos, and ophthalmoplegia. Diagnosis can be challenging because various pathologic entities can present with similar symptoms such as superior orbital fissure syndrome, orbital apex syndrome, retrobulbar hematoma, and cavernous sinus syndrome. However, accurate and early diagnosis is of utmost importance because treatment delay ma...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - December 16, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Lazaridou, MariaBourlidou, EleniKontos, KonstantinosMangoudi, Doxa Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Facial Nerve Trauma: Evaluation and Considerations in Management
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma ReconstructionDOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372522The management of facial paralysis continues to evolve. Understanding the facial nerve anatomy and the different methods of evaluating the degree of facial nerve injury are crucial for successful management. When the facial nerve is transected, direct coaptation leads to the best outcome, followed by interpositional nerve grafting. In cases where motor end plates are still intact but a primary repair or graft is not feasible, a nerve transfer should be employed. When complete muscle atrophy has occurred, regional muscle transfer or free flap reconstruction ...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - December 8, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Gordin, EliLee, Thomas S.Ducic, YadrankoArnaoutakis, Demetri Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Temporal Approach to Removal of a Large Orbital Foreign Body
This article describes the use of the temporal approach on a firearm victim in whom the breech of a rifle had impaled orbital region, with the extremity lodged in the infratemporal fossa.[...]Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text (Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction)
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - December 8, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: de Morais, Hécio Henrique AraújoBarbalho, Jimmy Charles Melode Souza Dias, Tasiana GuedesGrempel, Rafael GrottaVasconcellos, Ricardo José de Holanda Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Management of Ossifying Fibroma in a Suspicious Case of Hyperparathyroid–Jaw Tumor Syndrome
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma ReconstructionDOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395381The purpose of this article is to report a case of ossifying fibroma in the mandible associated with hyperparathyroid–jaw tumor syndrome, in a 46-year-old Caucasian female, surgically resected and reconstructed with iliac crest bone, followed by implant placement. This is a rare syndrome with an autosomal dominant pattern, with the development of primary hyperparathyroidism mainly due to parathyroid adenomas. Fibro-osseous lesions in the jaws can be present and can also precede the development of the endocrine disorder. As renal abnormalities and uterine ...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - December 2, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Marchiori, Érica CristinaIsom, Blair AlexanderIndresano, Albert Thomas Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Review
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma ReconstructionDOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1393734The aim of this article is to evaluate current literature on investigation and management of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), propose recommendations for diagnosis and management, and explore novel future treatments. TON, though uncommon, causes substantial visual loss. Without clear guidelines, there is much ambiguity regarding its diagnosis and management. Investigation and treatment (conservative, medical, surgical, and combined) vary widely between centers. Electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, PROSPERO, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were searched for content th...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 25, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Kumaran, Arjunan MuthuSundar, GangadharaChye, Lim Thiam Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Lessons Learned in Scalp Reconstruction and Tailoring Free Tissue Transfer in the Elderly: A Case Series and Literature Review
This article aims to demonstrate an individualized approach to an elderly patient requiring scalp reconstruction, to describe the methodology in flap selection, lessons learned, and report outcomes. A retrospective review of a single surgeon's experience of scalp reconstruction (E. D. R.) using free tissue transfer from 2005 to 2011, in patients older than 70 years, was completed. A total of eight patients met the inclusion criteria, five males and three females, with a mean age of 80.4 years (range, 73–92). Free tissue transfer achieved 100% soft tissue coverage. Six of the eight patients required cranioplasty. The mean...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 24, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Sosin, MichaelChaudhry, ArifCruz, Carla De LaBojovic, BrankoManson, Paul N.Rodriguez, Eduardo D. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Acute Intraorbital Hemorrhage following Reduction of a Displaced Orbitozygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture
In this report, we describe the development of acute intraorbital hemorrhage following reduction of a displaced OZMC fracture.[...]Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text (Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction)
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 24, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Susarla, Srinivas MurthyBojovic, Branko Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Lower Face Asymmetry: Can We Distract the Mandibular Lower Border?
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma ReconstructionDOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395386Orthognathic surgery and alloplastic grafting are the main stay in management in hemifacial microsomia. Distraction osteogenesis is used to increase the ramus and corpus length in the management, but here we have described a technique to increase the height of the body of the mandible using the principles of basal osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis.[...]Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text (Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction)
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 24, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Rao, SanthoshRao, Sruthi Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Isolated Bilateral Mandibular Angle Fractures: An Extensive Literature Review of the Rare Clinical Phenomenon with Presentation of a Classical Clinical Model
This article is a detailed review on the etiology, clinical presentation, and management of bilateral angle fractures with the presentation of an interesting case. The bilateral angle fracture reported is a untreated, malunited fracture representing an ideal clinical model to study its biomechanics. The clinical features were anterior open bite, increased facial height, and temporomandibular joint tenderness. The management included osteotomy at the malunion and miniplate osteosynthesis. Bilateral angle fracture presents mandible in three independent fragments (left angle, right angle, and intermediate corpus), each with s...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 24, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Elavenil, P.Mohanavalli, S.Sasikala, B.Prasanna, R. AshokKrishnakumar, Raja V. B. Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Glossary of Common Terminology
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction 2014; 07: S136-S140DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390072by AO Foundation AOCMF Clavadelerstrasse 8 7270 Davos SwitzerlandArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents  |  Full text (Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction)
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 21, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Cornelius, Carl-PeterAudigé, LaurentKunz, ChristophPrein, Joachim Tags: Glossary Source Type: research

The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Fracture Case Collection, Diagnostic Imaging Work Up, AOCOIAC Iconography and Coding
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction 2014; 07: S131-S135DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1393722The AO classification system for fractures in the adult craniomaxillofacial (CMF) skeleton is organized in anatomic modules in a 3 precision-level hierarchy with account for an increasing complexity and details. Level-1 is most elementary and identifies no more than the presence of fractures in 4 separate anatomical units: the mandible (code 91), midface (92), skull base (93) and cranial vault (94). Level-2 relates the detailed topographic location of the fractures within defined regions of the mandible, central and lateral midface, inte...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 21, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Cornelius, Carl-PeterKunz, ChristophNeff, AndreasKellman, Robert M.Prein, JoachimAudigé, Laurent Tags: Case Collection Source Type: research

The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Radiological Issues and Systematic Approach
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction 2014; 07: S123-S130DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389565The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level craniomaxillofacial (CMF) classification system with increasing level of complexity and details. The basic level 1 system differentiates fracture location in the mandible (code 91), midface (code 92), skull base (code 93), and cranial vault (code 94); the levels 2 and 3 focus on defining fracture location and morphology within more detailed regions and subregions. Correct imaging acquisition, systematic analysis, and interpretation according to the anatomic and surgical ...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 21, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Buitrago-Téllez, Carlos H.Cornelius, Carl-PeterPrein, JoachimKunz, ChristophIeva, Antonio diAudigé, Laurent Tags: Tutorial Article Source Type: research

The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Classification and Documentation within AOCOIAC Software
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction 2014; 07: S114-S122DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389564The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level craniomaxillofacial (CMF) fracture classification system. The fundamental level 1 distinguishes four major anatomical units including the mandible (code 91), midface (code 92), skull base (code 93) and cranial vault (code 94); level 2 relates to the location of the fractures within defined topographical regions within each units; level 3 relates to fracture morphology in these regions regarding fragmentation, displacement, and bone defects, as well as the involvement of ...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 21, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Audigé, LaurentCornelius, Carl-PeterKunz, ChristophBuitrago-Téllez, Carlos H.Prein, Joachim Tags: Tutorial Article Source Type: research

The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification: Skull Base and Cranial Vault Fractures – Level 2 and 3 Tutorial
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction 2014; 07: S103-S113DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389563The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level craniomaxillofacial classification system with increasing level of complexity and details. The highest level 1 system distinguish four major anatomical units, including the mandible (code 91), midface (code 92), skull base (code 93), and cranial vault (code 94). This tutorial presents the level 2 and more detailed level 3 systems for the skull base and cranial vault units. The level 2 system describes fracture location outlining the topographic boundaries of the anatomic...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 21, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Ieva, Antonio DiAudigé, LaurentKellman, Robert M.Shumrick, Kevin A.Ringl, HelmutPrein, JoachimMatula, Christian Tags: Tutorial Article Source Type: research

The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Orbital Fractures - Level 3 Tutorial
Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction 2014; 07: S092-S102DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389562The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level craniomaxillofacial classification system with increasing level of complexity and details. Within the midface (level 1 code 92), the level 2 system describes the location of the fractures within defined regions in the central and lateral midface including the internal orbit. This tutorial outlines the level 3 detailed classification system for fractures of the orbit. It depicts the orbital fractures according to the subregions defined as orbital rims, anterior orbital wa...
Source: Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction - November 21, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Kunz, ChristophAudigé, LaurentCornelius, Carl-PeterBuitrago-Téllez, Carlos H.Rudderman, RandalPrein, Joachim Tags: Tutorial Article Source Type: research