Preface
(Source: Cancer Microenvironment)
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
IL-1 in Colon Inflammation, Colon Carcinogenesis and Invasiveness of Colon Cancer
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a major “alarm” upstream pro-inflammatory cytokine that mainly acts by inducing cascades of cytokine and inflammation-promoting mediators. In the tumor arena, IL-1 is produced by both malignant and microenvironmental cells. IL-1α and IL-1β are the major agonists of IL-1, while IL-1Ra is a physiological inhibitor of pre-formed IL-1. IL-1α and IL-1β differ in their compartmentalization and in the producing cells. IL-1β is only active in its inflammasome dependent processed and secreted form and has been considered as the major mediator of inflammation. On the other ...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - December 19, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
7th International conference on Tumor Microenvironment: Progression, Therapy & amp; Prevention Tel Aviv, Israel October 11 -15, 2015
(Source: Cancer Microenvironment)
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - September 30, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
SLUG and SOX9 Cooperatively Regulate Tumor Initiating Niche Factors in Breast Cancer
In this study, regulatory effect of SLUG and SOX9 transcription factors on the expression of Tenascin-C and Periostin was examined. SLUG and SOX9 were overexpressed and knocked-down in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. The cells as little and highly invasive breast cancer-derived cells were infected by inducing and shRNA lentivirus constructs. Then, Tenascin-C and Periostin as well as SLUG and SOX9 expression levels were measured in the cells via Real-Time PCR. Simultaneous overexpression of SLUG and SOX9 significantly induced Tenascin-C and Periostin expression. SLUG and SOX9 knock-down also significantly reduced t...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - September 28, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
7th International conference on Tumor Microenvironment: Progression, Therapy& Prevention Tel Aviv, Israel October 11 -15, 2015
(Source: Cancer Microenvironment)
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - September 15, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Characterization of M1/M2 Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) and Th1/Th2 Cytokine Profiles in Patients with NSCLC
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most commonly reported cancers, and is known to be associated with a poor prognosis. The function of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in lung cancer patients is multifaceted and the literature shows conflicting roles. (I) To analyze the Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels that contribute to the differentiation of M1 and M2 macrophage populations in the serum of patients with NSCLC versus non-cancer controls; and (II) To characterize the M1 and M2 macrophage populations within TAMs in different subtypes of NSCLC compared to non-tumour tissue. The Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels w...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - August 30, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Thymidine Phosphorylase in Cancer; Enemy or Friend?
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a nucleoside metabolism enzyme that plays an important role in the pyrimidine pathway.TP catalyzes the conversion of thymidine to thymine and 2-deoxy-α-D-ribose-1-phosphate (dRib-1-P). Although this reaction is reversible, the main metabolic function of TP is catabolic. TP is identical to the angiogenic factor platelet-derived endothelial-cell growth factor (PD-ECGF). TP is overexpressed in several human cancers in response to cellular stressful conditions like hypoxia, acidosis, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. TP has been shown to promote tumor angiogenesis, invas...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - August 22, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Inflammation and uPAR-Expression in Colorectal Liver Metastases in Relation to Growth Pattern and Neo-adjuvant Therapy
Abstract
Proteolytic activity and inflammation in the tumour microenvironment affects cancer progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases it has been observed that three different immune profiles are present, as well as proteolytic activity, determined by the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR).The main objectives of this study were to investigate uPAR expression and the density of macrophages (CD68) and T cells (CD3) as markers of inflammation in resected CRC liver metastases, where patients were neo-adjuvantly treated with chemotherapy with or without the angiogenesis i...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - August 14, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Anakoinosis: Communicative Reprogramming of Tumor Systems - for Rescuing from Chemorefractory Neoplasia
Abstract
Disruptive technologies, such as communicative reprogramming (anakoinosis) with cellular therapies in situ for treating refractory metastatic cancer allow patient care to accelerate along a totally new trajectory and highlight what may well become the next sea change in the care of patients with many types of advanced neoplasia. Cellular therapy in situ consisted of repurposed drugs, pioglitazone plus all-trans retinoic acid or dexamethasone or interferon-alpha (dual transcriptional modulation) combined with metronomic low-dose chemotherapy or low-dose 5-azacytidine, plus/minus classic targeted t...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - August 11, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Architecture of Chimeric Spheroids Controls Drug Transport
Abstract
It is well-established that upregulation of drug efflux pumps leads to multi-drug resistance. Less is known about the role of the architecture of the tumor microenvironment in this process: how the location of pump expressing cells influences drug exposure to cancerous as well as non-cancerous cells. Here, we report a 3D in vitro model of spheroids with mixtures of cells expressing high and low levels of ABCG2, quantifying pump activity by the ability to reject the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342. With respect to the organization of the mixed spheroids, three different architectures were observed: ...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - August 4, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Immunological Mechanisms of Low and Ultra-Low Dose Cancer Chemotherapy
Abstract
Traditionally, anticancer chemotherapy has been generally considered to be strongly immunosuppressive. However, increasing evidence suggests that certain chemotherapeutic agents rely on the induction of antitumor immune responses, in both experimental animal models and patients with cancer. Many of these chemotherapeutic agents exert immunogenic effects via the induction and release of immunostimulatory “danger” signals from dying cancerous cells when used in low doses. New data suggests that several common chemotherapeutic agents may also display direct stimulating effects on immune cells ...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - August 1, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Do Platelets Inhibit the Effect of Aspirin on Cancer Cells?
Abstract
Both platelets and cancer cells display an intimate reciprocal crosstalk resulting in alteration of each other’s properties. Although many past studies have tried to demonstrate effect of platelets on tumour cells, exact role of platelets in carcinogenesis is still not clear. In the above study, we explored the effect of different concentrations of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on viability, proliferation and adhesion of HeLa cells in culture conditions. The above parameters were found to be slightly increased on incubation with lower two concentrations of PRP (4.4 × 105 & 1 × 106 pl...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - July 4, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Endosialin Expression in Metastatic Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment Vasculature: Potential Therapeutic Implications
Abstract
Ontuxizumab (MORAb-004) is a humanized recombinant antibody targeting endosialin (TEM-1, CD248). We conducted an analysis of endosialin expression in metastatic melanoma specimens using the anti-endosialin rat anti- MAb 9G5, in order to determine the potential of endosialin as a therapeutic target within the tumor microenvironment vasculature. Endosialin expression in paraffin-embedded archival tissue block (PEAT) melanoma tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the anti-endosialin, MAb 9G5, in the vessels of American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) Stage III (n = 18) and...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - June 18, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Evaluation of a Hypoxia Regulated Gene Panel in Ovarian Cancer
This study supports further evaluation by qNPA of this gene panel as an alternative or complimentary method to existing protein biomarkers to identify ovarian cancers with a hypoxic phenotype. (Source: Cancer Microenvironment)
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - May 22, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Exosomes Secreted from Human Cancer Cell Lines Contain Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAP)
Abstract
Exosomes are endosomal-derived nanovesicles released by normal and tumor cells which have been shown to transfer functionally active protein, lipids, mRNAs and miRNAs between cells. Varying in molecular profiles, biological roles, functional roles and protein contents, exosomes have been described as “multi-purpose carriers” playing a role in supporting the survival and growth of tumor cells. The IAP Survivin has been found to be present in tumor exosomes. However, the existence of other IAPs in tumor exosomes is still unknown. Survivin, cIAP1, cIAP2 and XIAP mRNA and protein are differently ...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - May 15, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
