Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Metastatic Breast Cancer in Omani Women
This study aimed to identify EMT and CSC phenotypes in metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer in Omani women and their association with conventional clinico-pathological predictors of BC. In a retrospective study of ninety-six Omani women with breast cancer, the association of age, pregnancy/lactation, tumor size, type, grade, ductal carcinoma insitu (DCIS), lymphovascular invasion, hormone/ HER2 receptor expression and Ki67 proliferation index (Ki67 PI) was tested with EMT/ CSC phenotype and metastasis. Young age ≤ 40 years, lymphovascular invasion and EMT had a strong association with metastasis; CSC approache...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - May 19, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Impact of Microenvironment on the Synovial Sarcoma Transcriptome
AbstractSynovial sarcoma (SS) is initiated by at(X;18) chromosomal translocation and resultantSS18-SSX fusion oncogene. Only a few SS cell lines exist. None has been compared to its source tumor. In order to compare matched tumor and cell line pairs, we performed RNAseq on 3 tumor/cell line pairs from a genetically engineered mouse model of SS, as well as 2 pairs from human SS tumors. Transcriptomes of mouse tumors and derivative cell lines deviated significantly. Differentially expressed genes highlighted inflammatory infiltrates and metabolism. The same was found for the human tumor and cell line pairs. More was shared b...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - April 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
HFE Variants and the Expression of Iron-Related Proteins in Breast Cancer-Associated Lymphocytes and Macrophages
AbstractThe association ofHFE (High Iron FE) major variants with breast cancer risk and behavior has been a matter of discussion for a long time. However, their impact on the expression of iron-related proteins in the breast cancer tissue has never been addressed. In the present study, hepcidin, ferroportin 1, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), and ferritin expressions, as well as tissue iron deposition were evaluated in a collection of samples from breast cancers patients and analyzed according to the patients ’HFE genotype. Within the group of patients with invasive carcinoma, those carrying the p.Cys282Tyr variant in hete...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - December 26, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Density-Dependent Regulation of Glioma Cell Proliferation and Invasion Mediated by miR-9
AbstractThe phenotypic axis of invasion and proliferation in malignant glioma cells is a well-documented phenomenon. Invasive glioma cells exhibit a decreased proliferation rate and a resistance to apoptosis, and invasive tumor cells dispersed in brain subsequently revert to proliferation and contribute to secondary tumor formation. One miRNA can affect dozens of mRNAs, and some miRNAs are potent oncogenes. Multiple miRNAs are implicated in glioma malignancy, and several of which have been identified to regulate tumor cell motility and division. Using rat 9 L gliosarcoma and human U87 glioblastoma cell lines, we investig...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - December 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Neuropeptide Levels as well as Neprilysin Activity Decrease in Renal Cell Carcinoma
AbstractCalcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Substance P (SP) are sensory neuropeptides which may alter cancer growth through modulation of chronic inflammation. We recently reported that SP suppresses breast cancer growth and metastasis through neuroimmune modulation. These neuropeptides are hydrolyzed by Neprilysin (NEP) to bioactive fragments. Decreased activity of NEP was reported in clear cell and chromophobe type renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is however not known how the levels of neuropeptides hydrolyzed with NEP changes in RCC. Decrease activity of SP and CGRP containing ...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - October 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Stiffened Extracellular Matrix and Signaling from Stromal Fibroblasts via Osteoprotegerin Regulate Tumor Cell Invasion in a 3-D Tumor in Situ Model
AbstractSeveral changes have been described in the stroma surrounding a tumor, including changes in cellular composition, altered extracellular matrix composition and organization, and increases in stiffness. Tumor cells are influenced by the composition, organization, and mechanical properties of the microenvironment, and by signals from stromal cells. Here we sought to test whether signaling from stromal fibroblasts and/or the small change in stiffness observedin vivo surrounding epithelial tumors regulates tumor cell invasion from a model of a tumorin situ. We generated a novel tumorin situ model system in which a tumor...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - September 20, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Investigating Effects of Acidic pH on Proliferation, Invasion and Drug-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoblastic Leukemia
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Some studies have shown that extracellular pH in tumors, which results in tumor progression, is less than that in normal tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extracellular acidic pH on proliferation, invasion, and drug-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in different pH (pH 6.6 and pH 7.4) for 12 days. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and cell invasion was assayed by invasion assay and gene expression analysis of MMP-9. Drug-induced apoptosis was evaluated after exposur...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - July 24, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Biopathological Significance of TLR9 Expression in Cancer Cells and Tumor Microenvironment Across Invasive Breast Carcinomas Subtypes
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors mainly expressed by cells of the immune system but also by epithelial tumor cells. Little is known about expression patterns of TLR genes in breast tumors, and their clinical significance is unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate expression of TLRs pathway components in pre-invasive breast lesions and invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs). We used RT-PCR assays to quantify mRNA levels of the 10 TLR genes and genes involved in TLR pathways in 350 breast tumors from patients with known clinical/pathological status and long-term outc...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - July 8, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Active Secretion of Dimerized S100A11 Induced by the Peroxisome in Mesothelioma Cells
Abstract
S100A11, a small Ca2+ binding protein, acts extracellularly as a mediator of cancer progression. That raises the question of how a protein that lacks the classical secretory signal is able to be secreted outside cells without being damaged. Some insights into this question have been obtained, and there has been accumulating evidence indicating a pivotal role of a non-classical vesicle-mediated pathway using lysosomes or peroxisomes for the protein secretion. To obtain a more precise insight into the secretory mechanism of S100A11, we first screened representative cancer cells exhibiting significa...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - June 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Potential Role of TRAIL in Metastasis of Mutant KRAS Expressing Lung Adenocarcinoma
Abstract
Apo2L/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL, TNFSF10) is an important cytokine in the tumor microenvironment and plays a major role in the balance of cell survival/death pathways. Bioinformatic analyses of 839 adenocarcinoma (AC) and 356 squamous cell lung carcinoma patient data (SCC) by cBioPortal (genomic analyses) shows that TRAIL expression leads to differential outcomes of disease free survival in AC and SCC. Oncomine datamining (transcript analyses) reveal that TRAIL is upregulated in 167 SCC as compared to 350 AC patients from six data sets. Genomic analy...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - April 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Review: the Contribution of both Nature and Nurture to Carcinogenesis and Progression in Solid Tumours
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cancer arises due to a series of somatic mutations that accumulate within the nucleus of a cell which enable the cell to proliferate in an unregulated manner. These mutations arise as a result of both endogenous and exogenous factors. Genes that are commonly mutated in cancer cells are involved in cell cycle regulation, growth and proliferation. It is known that both nature and nurture play important roles in cancer development through complex gene-environment interactions; however, the exact mechanism of these interactions in carcinogenesis is pr...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - April 10, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Influence of Immune Myeloid Cells on the Extracellular Matrix During Cancer Metastasis
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the most important components within the tumor microenvironment that supports cancer development and metastasis. Under normal physiological conditions, the ECM is a tightly regulated network providing structural and biochemical support. However, the ECM becomes highly disorganized during neoplastic progression and consequently, stimulates cancer cell transformation, growth and spread. Cancer development and progression is also known to greatly benefit from the support of immune myeloid cells, which have multiple pro-tumorigenic functions including promotin...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - March 9, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Stomach Cancer: Interconnection between the Redox State, Activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 and Stage of Tumor Growth
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species can lead to the destruction of extracellular matrix facilitating tumor progression. ROS can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), damage DNA and RNA. Therefore, the levels of MMP, ROS and RNS can serve as additional prognostic markers and for the estimation of the effectiveness of tumor therapy. Concerning gastric cancer, the prognostic role of MMP, its connection with the cancer staging remains controversial and correlations between the activity of MMP with the ROS and RNS levels are insufficiently confirmed. Superoxide generati...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - February 23, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Angiopoietins Modulate Survival, Migration, and the Components of the Ang-Tie2 Pathway of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) Cells In Vitro
Abstract
In actuality, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) remains an incurable haematopoietic malignancy of high prevalence amongst elderly populations in the West. Malignant CLL cells characteristically accumulate in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen of CLL patients. There is evidence that CLL cells express Ang2 and Tie1, two central components of the Ang-Tie2 pro-angiogenic pathway. Central to blood vessel development and maintenance, at present it remains unclear how the Ang-Tie2 pathway modulates CLL pathophysiology. Here we evaluate the status of the Ang-Tie2 pathway in CLL ...
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - February 5, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Erratum to: Separation and Characterization of Epithelial and Mesenchymal-like Murine Mammary Tumor Cells Reveals Epithelial Cell Differentiation Plasticity and Enhanced Tumorigenicity of Epithelial-enriched Tumor Cells
(Source: Cancer Microenvironment)
Source: Cancer Microenvironment - January 8, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
