From mishap to model: The origins and utility of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Emma L WaltonBiomedical Journal 2015 38(3):177-180This special edition of the Biomedical Journal focuses on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and includes three reviews showing how this model has greatly facilitated our understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. We also highlight a small single center study which suggests that the use of calcium bone substitutes during core decompression surgery may do more harm than good. Finally, we see how policy changes affect the management of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients and we learn about antibiotic resistance among strains of Streptococc...
Source: Biomedical Journal - June 11, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Emma L Walton Source Type: research
The role of surgery in renal cell carcinoma with pancreatic metastasis
We examined patients with renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the pancreas, and discuss the clinical findings, treatment administered, and final outcomes. The present study is a retrospective analysis of renal cell carcinoma patients with pancreatic metastasis. Pancreatic tumor specimens were obtained by surgical excision, surgical biopsy, fine-needle biopsy, or endoscopic ultrasound biopsy. The surgical approaches included distal splenopancreatectomy, total pancreatectomy, or distal pancreatectomy. The physician determined the postoperative treatment regimen with interferon-α or targeted therapy on the basis of...
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ying-Hsu ChangChuang-Chi LiawCheng-Keng Chuang Source Type: research
Perception of premenstrual syndrome and attitude of evaluations of work performance among incoming university female students
Conclusion: It is important to increase the awareness of functional impairments related to severe PMS. (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Shu Hui ChengZih-Jie SunI Hui LeeChi-Chen ShihKao Chin ChenShih-Hsien LinFeng-Hwa LuYi-Ching YangYen Kuang Yang Source Type: research
Cobalamin and folate deficiencies among children in the age group of 12-59 months in India
Conclusions: A high prevalence of cobalamin and folate deficiencies was found in children under 5 years of age. (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Umesh KapilGS TotejaAjeet Singh Bhadoria Source Type: research
An alternative respiratory sounds classification system utilizing artificial neural networks
Conclusions: The promising proposed method is an efficient fast tool for the intended purpose as manifested in the performance parameters, specifically, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. Furthermore, it may be added that utilizing the autocorrelation function in the feature extraction in such applications results in enhanced performance and avoids undesired computation complexities compared to other techniques. (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Rami J OweisEnas W AbdulhayAmer KhayalAreen Awad Source Type: research
Pericoronal radiolucencies with significant pathology: Clinico-histopathologic evaluation
Conclusion: Although many pathological processes may present radiographically as pericoronal radiolucencies associated with unerupted teeth, the most common is the dentigerous cyst. Hence, it is crucial for the clinician to fully investigate all teeth that fail to erupt at the expected time, and promptly initiate appropriate assessment and management of suspected cystic lesions. (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sanjeev AnandBina KashyapGovind Raj KumarBasavaradhya Sahukar ShruthiAlapati Naga Supriya Source Type: research
Femoral non-elongating rodding in osteogenesis imperfecta - The importance of purchasing epiphyseal plate
Conclusions: Less revision rate and better 3-year and 5-year survival rate were proved in the roddings that purchased epiphysis. We emphasize on using the precise implant length to purchase distal femoral epiphysis when non-elongating rod is the only available implant for fixation in children with OI. (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wei-Chun LiHsuan-Kai KaoWen-E YangChee-Jen ChangChia-Hsieh Chang Source Type: research
Necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus and Klebsiella pneumoniae in diabetic patients
Conclusions: The exposure history and the time from exposure to hospital presentation with severe sepsis syndromes should alert clinicians to distinguish between necrotizing soft-tissue infections with V. vulnificus (contact with seawater or raw seafood) and K. pneumoniae (abrasions or chronic ulcers) in diabetic patients. Infection with V. vulnificus progresses more rapidly than infection with K. pneumoniae during the initial clinical course. (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jiun-Cheng HsuShih-Hsun ShenTien-Yu YangPo-Han ChenKuo-Chin HuangYao-Hung Tsai Source Type: research
A simple score to predict fetal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus
Conclusion: The glycemic score is a sensitive and specific prognostic marker. Tight control of three of four values of blood glucose within the glucose profile appears sufficient to prevent adverse fetal outcomes. (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kushal NahaSowjanya NahaVinay R PanditShubha Seshadri Source Type: research
Gentamicin nephrotoxicity: Animal experimental correlate with human pharmacovigilance outcome
Conclusion: Toxicity profile of gentamicin on the kidneys is dependent on both dose and duration of administration. The findings justify the decision made by NAFDAC to ban the use of high-dose inj. gentamicin 280 mg in Nigeria. (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Olufunsho AwodeleOyindamola P TomoyeNeils B QuashieKennedy I AmagonSunday A Ogunnowo Source Type: research
Genomic instability in chronic airway inflammatory diseases
Zhengqiang Bao, Juan Xiong, Wen Li, Zhihua Chen, Huahao Shen, Songmin YingBiomedical Journal 2015 38(2):117-124Chronic airway inflammatory diseases are life-threatening conditions, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and so on. However, as the disease etiology remains largely unclear, current treatments that target chronic airway inflammatory diseases are still not satisfactory. DNA damage response (DDR), regarded as one of the many causes of apoptosis and cell senescence, as well as a factor involved in carcinogenesis, has recently begun to attract attention as a source of chronic inf...
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhengqiang BaoJuan XiongWen LiZhihua ChenHuahao ShenSongmin Ying Source Type: research
Enhancing the anticancer effects of 5-fluorouracil: Current challenges and future perspectives
François Ghiringhelli, Lionel ApetohBiomedical Journal 2015 38(2):111-1165-Flurouracil (5-FU), a pyrimidine analog, was originally designed to prevent tumor cell growth. However, since the identification of its tumor inhibitory activity in 1957, substantial evidence has demonstrated that 5-FU could also harness the host immune system to prevent cancer progression. 5-FU sensitizes tumor cells to Natural Killer (NK) and CD8 T cell-driven cytotoxicity. We have also recently shown that 5-FU could selectively eliminate Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), which accumulate during cancer progression and compromise ant...
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: François GhiringhelliLionel Apetoh Source Type: research
APOBEC3B: Pathological consequences of an innate immune DNA mutator
Michael B Burns, Brandon Leonard, Reuben S HarrisBiomedical Journal 2015 38(2):102-110Cancer is a disease that results from alterations in the cellular genome. Several recent studies have identified mutational signatures that implicate a variety of mutagenic processes in cancer, a major one of which is explained by the enzymatic activity of the DNA cytosine deaminase, APOBEC3B. As a deaminase, APOBEC3B converts cytosines to uracils in single-stranded DNA. Failure to properly repair these uracil lesions can result in a diverse array of mutations. For instance, DNA uracils can template the insertion of complementary adenines...
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Michael B BurnsBrandon LeonardReuben S Harris Source Type: research
Introduction to miniseries on DNA and cancer
Jean Kanellopoulos, David M OjciusBiomedical Journal 2015 38(2):101-101 (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jean KanellopoulosDavid M Ojcius Source Type: research
The surprising activities of APOBEC3B and 5-fluorouracil
Emma L WaltonBiomedical Journal 2015 38(2):97-100In this mini-special issue on cancer, we learn how DNA editing enzymes can accelerate the development of cancer and we discover some remarkable effects of the chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil, on the immune system. We also discuss a study revealing the continuing problem of vitamin B deficiencies in children in developing countries, and we determine how to distinguish two near-identical forms of necrotizing fasciitis. (Source: Biomedical Journal)
Source: Biomedical Journal - April 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Emma L Walton Source Type: research
