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Health Status and Burden of Health Care Costs Among Urban Elderly in China
This study evaluates health status among elderly residents in urban China and medical insurance schemes for them. A total of 931 urban elderly individuals aged 60 years or above in 3 cities were interviewed. The survey gathered data on individual sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health status, chronic disease diagnoses, use of and expenditure related to health care services, satisfaction with medical insurance, and so on. The prevalence of chronic disease was 79.1% among the respondents, and medical expenditure on chronic disease per patient was 4656 Yuan in half a year. Over the 2 earlier weeks, 27.4% of re...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Teng, H., Cao, Z., Liu, J., Liu, P., Hua, W., Yang, Y., Xiong, L. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research

Factors Influencing the Hospitalization Costs of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
In conclusion, the hospitalization costs of patients with type 2 diabetes could be influenced by age, gender, forms of payment, hospital stay, admission status, complications, and surgery. Medical workers in the studied region should take actions to reduce the duration of hospital stay for diabetic patients and prevent relevant complications. What is more, medical insurance needs further improvement. (Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health)
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Cao, P., Wang, K., Zhang, H., Zhao, R., Li, C. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research

The Economic Burden of Inpatients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Study in a Chinese Hospital
The purpose of this research was to study the components, influencing factors, and their changing trend in a Chinese hospital, so as to reduce the economic burden of inpatients with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from 7487 cases. There were 4368 inpatients with type 2 diabetes during 2002-2012 in a Chinese hospital. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors of hospitalization costs. The number of inpatients and their hospitalization costs had increasing trends in the study period. The medicine, test, and examination charges were the main sources of total costs. Longer ho...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Wang, H., Lin, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, Q., Chen, J.-M., Liu, J., Yuan, L. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research

Direct Economic Burden and Influencing Factors in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Related Diseases in Jiangsu, China
The purpose of this study was to explore direct economic burden and its influencing factors in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) related diseases. Time phasing continuous sampling was used to select patients from August 1, 2012, to December 31, 2012, in 3 county hospitals of 3 model regions in Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 436 outpatients and 196 inpatients were observed. The average direct economic burden of HBV-associated admission was US$107.11 for outpatients, and drug fees accounted for 74%; the burden was US$3193.47 for inpatients, and the direct medical costs accounted for 96%. Multivariate linear regressi...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Zhang, H., Chao, J., Zhu, L., Song, L., Li, X., Liu, P. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research

Prevalence and Sex-Related Risk Factors of Premarital Pregnancy and Reproductive Tract Infections Among Female Undergraduates in Wuhan, China
In China, more and more female college students engage in premarital sex. Few seek reproductive health services, increasing their risk for unintended pregnancy and reproductive tract infections (RTIs). The present study aims to explore the prevalence and sex-related risk factors of premarital pregnancy and RTIs among female undergraduates in China. A total of 4769 females were recruited using randomized cluster sampling and anonymously completed questionnaires. Of the 4,769 females, 863 (18.1%) reported ever having sexual intercourse, 17.5% of which had become pregnant, and 22.7% had contracted RTIs. Younger age or not usi...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Cao, Y., Xiao, H., Yan, H., Li, J., Li, S. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research

Early Sex Initiation and Subsequent Unsafe Sexual Behaviors and Sex-Related Risks Among Female Undergraduates in Wuhan, China
This study aims to explore the association between early sex initiation and subsequent unsafe sexual behaviors and risks among Chinese female undergraduates. Of 4769 participants, 863 (18.1%) reported ever having sexual intercourse. The mean age of sexual debut was 19.3 (±1.7) years. Females initiating sex earlier were more likely to have first sex with men who were not their "boyfriends" and less likely to take contraception, to use a condom at first encounter, to use contraception consistently in past year, and/or to use condom consistently during the course of a sexual intercourse. They were more likely to have m...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Li, J., Li, S., Yan, H., Xu, D., Xiao, H., Cao, Y., Mao, Z. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research

Maternal Passive Smoking During Pregnancy and Age of Menarche in Daughters: A Study of Elementary and Middle School Students in Shanghai
In conclusion, our study provides limited evidence supporting the hypothesis that maternal passive smoking during pregnancy leads to an earlier age of menarche of daughters. (Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health)
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Zhang, B., Shi, H., Wang, Q., Zhang, Z., Li, M. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research

Disease Development Trends for Maternal and Child Health Care in Shenzhen, China
Shenzhen in China has undergone rapid economic development over the years. The purpose of this study was to investigate disease development trends among women and children inpatients in Shenzhen. A maternal and child health care hospital in Futian District was chosen for this retrospective study. The data were collected from 55 246 inpatients’ information from 2003 to 2012 and were classified into gynecological and pediatric diseases. Descriptive analysis was conducted with Microsoft Excel 2007. The results showed that the number of inpatients had increased year by year, and the constituents of disease had been subst...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Ren, N., Zhang, J., Huo, L., Chen, K., Sun, C., Wu, F., Li, L., Ma, J. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research

A Glimpse of Public Health in China
(Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health)
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Low, W.-Y., Binns, C. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Public Health Research in China: Some Recent Findings and Implications
(Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health)
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Li, H., He, Q. Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

Investigation of Residents' Health Literacy Status and Its Risk Factors in Jiangsu Province of China
Health literacy has become an important public health concern. Multistage cluster random sampling was used to select 12 450 individuals. Using the 2009 Chinese Health Literacy questionnaire, participants were divided into groups with poor or not poor health literacy status. The knowledge rates for 6 areas of health literacy were determined with the following results: science concept of health (60.0%), literacy for preventing acute infectious disease (66.8%), literacy for preventing noncommunicable chronic disease (51.9%), safety and first aid (66.8%), obtaining and making use of basic medical care (55.3%), and comprehensiv...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Wang, X., Guo, H., Wang, L., Li, X., Huang, M., Liu, Z., Liu, X., Wang, K., Alamian, A., Anderson, J. L. Tags: E-articles Source Type: research

Walkable Area Within Which Destinations Matter: Differences Between Australian and Japanese Cities
This study examined associations of destinations with walking for transport in Australian and Japanese cities. Data were collected from Adelaide, Australia (n = 2508), and 4 Japanese cities (n = 1285). Logistic regressions examined associations of self-reported walking for transport with the number of destination types within walk-distance categories. Walking was significantly associated with the number of destination types within a 10-minute walk from home for Australia and with the number of destination types within a 6- to 20-minute walk for Japan. Further research is needed on why walking by residents of Japanese citie...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sugiyama, T., Inoue, S., Cerin, E., Shimomitsu, T., Owen, N. Tags: E-articles Source Type: research

Parental Awareness and Coverage of Mass Measles Vaccination Drive 2011: Cross-Sectional Survey in the Metropolitan City of Karachi, Pakistan
This study evaluated coverage of mass measles campaign 2011 and estimated parental awareness and determinants for low/no coverage. Household survey was conducted 4 months after the measles campaign in Karachi, Pakistan. Parents of children younger than 5 years were administered structured questionnaire about their knowledge and participation in measles campaign. Of 1020 eligible households, only 282 (28%) parents knew about measles supplementary immunization activity, mainly from public announcements (49%). Of these, 174 (62%) children received measles vaccine, whereas, 108 (38%) parents refused measles vaccine. Overall, o...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Khowaja, A. R., Sheikh, S., Saleem, A. F., Zaidi, A. K. Tags: E-articles Source Type: research

Identification of Carriers Among Individuals Recruited in the Typhoid Registry in Malaysia Using Stool Culture, Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Dot Enzyme Immunoassay as Detection Tools
In this study, chronic carriers in Kelantan, Malaysia were first identified using the culture and polymerase chain reaction method. Then, a novel serological tool, designated Typhidot-C, was evaluated in retrospect using the detected individuals as control positives. Chronic carriage positive by the culture and polymerase chain reaction method was recorded at 3.6% (4 out of 110) among individuals who previously had acute typhoid fever and a 9.4% (10 out of 106) carriage rate was observed among food handlers screened during outbreaks. The Typhidot-C assay was able to detect all these positive carriers showing its potential ...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Chua, A. L., Aziah, I., Balaram, P., Bhuvanendran, S., Anthony, A. A., Mohmad, S. N., Nasir, N. M., Hassan, H., Naim, R., Meran, L. P., Hussin, H. M., Ismail, A. Tags: E-articles Source Type: research

Health Impact Assessment in Mongolia: Current Situation, Directions, and Challenges
Many developing countries have limited capacity to adequately assess and manage health impacts associated with environmental change. In Mongolia, methodologies to introduce health impact assessment (HIA) as part of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process have been investigated, and a mechanism to incorporate HIA into the current EIA process is proposed. Some challenges to the implementation of HIA are discussed. The country is now in a position to incorporate HIA as part of the approvals process for development projects. Given the recent growth in population, industrial development, and urbanization together with...
Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health - March 31, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Spickett, J., Batmunkh, T., Jones, S. Tags: E-articles Source Type: research