Preliminary insights into the occurrence of similar clones of extended ‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing bacteria in humans, animals and the environment in Tanzania: A systematic review and meta‐analysis between 2005 and 2016
Summary
The emergence and spread of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL‐PE) are complex and of the public health concern across the globe. This review aimed at assessing the ESBL‐PE clones circulating in humans, animals and the environment to provide evidence‐based insights for combating ESBL‐PE using One Health approach. Systematic search from Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar and African Journals Online was carried out and retrieved nine eligible articles (of 131) based on phenotypic and genotypic detection of ESBL‐PE between 2005 and 2016 in Tanzania. Analysis was performed usi...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 23, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: J. Seni, N. Moremi, M. Matee, F. Meer, R. DeVinney, S. E. Mshana, J. D. D Pitout Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Pet ‐associated Campylobacteriosis: A persisting public health concern
We report on a case of laboratory‐confirmed Campylobacter jejuni infection in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania among members of a household living with a laboratory‐confirmed but non‐speciated Campylobacter‐infected puppy. We describe an outbreak of likely dog‐associated campylobacteriosis, the risk factors, potential routes of exposure and the clinical features in the exposed family members, which began shortly after exposure to the recently purchased dog. We also provide public health recommendations to prevent Campylobacter infections in veterinary care providers, pet owners and those planning to adopt pets in...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 21, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: E. R. Campagnolo, L. M. Philipp, J. M. Long, N. L. Hanshaw Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Pet ‐associated Campylobacteriosis: A persisting public health concern
Zoonoses and Public Health, EarlyView. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health)
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 21, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
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Zoonoses and Public Health, Ahead of Print. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health)
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 21, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Fecal shedding of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli among feral pigs in Texas
Summary
The population and range of feral pigs in the United States are rapidly expanding, yet key knowledge gaps exist regarding their role in the ecology and transmission of foodborne pathogens. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli shedding among feral pigs throughout Texas and to identify risk factors for positive status. Faecal samples were collected from feral pigs in Texas from February 2014 through May 2015, and target organisms were detected using PCR assays. The prevalence of C. jejuni shedding was 1.6% (6/370), and the prevalence of C. coli shedding was 3.5...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: K. J. Cummings, L. D. Rodriguez ‐Rivera, I. McNeely, J. S. Suchodolski, B. T. Mesenbrink, B. R. Leland, M. J. Bodenchuk Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
Assessing human risk of illness with West Nile virus mosquito surveillance data to improve public health preparedness
The objective of our study was to use the information gained from historic West Nile virus mosquito testing to determine human risk relative to mosquito infection and to assess the usefulness of our mosquito infection forecasting models to give advance warning. We compared weekly mosquito infection rates from 2004 to 2013 to WNV case numbers in Illinois. We then developed a weather‐based forecasting model to estimate the WNV mosquito infection rate one to 3 weeks ahead of mosquito testing both statewide and for nine regions of Illinois. We further evaluated human illness risk relative to both the measured and the model...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 16, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: S. Karki, N. E. Westcott, E. J. Muturi, W. M. Brown, M. O. Ruiz Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
The economic implications of sylvatic rabies eradication in Italy
In this study, we assessed the costs of the aerial ORV campaigns, which were aimed at eradicating the disease and reobtaining the rabies‐free status. Cumulative costs per km2 were estimated at €59.45 during emergency campaigns and ranged between €51.94 and €65.67 in the regular vaccinations. The main portion of costs for ORV programmes were related to baits supply and distribution: €49.24 (82.83%) in emergency campaigns and from €40.33 to € 43.35 in regular ORVs (71.97% and 66.02%, respectively). At the end of each ORV campaign, the efficacy of vaccination activities was estimated by assessing the proportion ...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 10, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: S. Sartore, P. Mulatti, S. Trestini, M. Lorenzetto, L. Gagliazzo, S. Marangon, L. Bonfanti Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Genetic analysis of human and swine influenza A viruses isolated in Northern Italy during 2010 –2015
Summary
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in swine plays an important role in the ecology of influenza viruses. The emergence of new IAVs comes through different mechanisms, with the genetic reassortment of genes between influenza viruses, also originating from different species, being common. We performed a genetic analysis on 179 IAV isolates from humans (n. 75) and pigs (n. 104) collected in Northern Italy between 2010 and 2015, to monitor the genetic exchange between human and swine IAVs. No cases of human infection with swine strains were noticed, but direct infections of swine with H1N1pdm09 strains were detected. Mo...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: C. Chiapponi, E. Ebranati, E. Pariani, S. Faccini, A. Luppi, L. Baioni, R. Manfredi, V. Carta, M. Merenda, P. Affanni, M. E. Colucci, L. Veronesi, G. Zehender, E. Foni Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Dog ecology and its implications for rabies control in Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of a dog population, including their accessibility to vaccination and health care, in urban and semiurban areas of Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria. Direct street counts and a house‐to‐house survey of city streets were performed. A total of 451 households were surveyed comprising 43.7% urban and 53.3% semiurban areas. A total of 848 owned dogs were identified, along with 3,115 corresponding humans. With a dog‐to‐human ratio of 1:3.7, the dog population in the study area was estimated as 103,758. A total of 396 dogs were counted on the streets with the gre...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: P. P. Mshelbwala, D. K. Akinwolemiwa, B.V. Maikai, R. G. Otolorin, N. A. Maurice, J. S. Weese Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Knowledge, risk perception and mitigation measures towards Ebola virus disease by potentially exposed bushmeat handlers in north ‐central Nigeria: Any critical gap?
Summary
The bushmeat industry has been a topic of increasing importance among public health officials for its influence on zoonotic diseases transmission, such as Ebola virus disease (EVD), a rare and severe infectious disease of humans and non‐human primates. This survey assessed knowledge/awareness, risk perceptions and mitigation practices towards EVD among bushmeat handlers in north‐central Nigeria. These characteristics are premise to level of preparedness against appropriate risk prevention and control. A questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted between January and December 2015 on 395 bushmeat...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: N. B. Alhaji, S. Yatswako, E. Y. Oddoh Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Ontario smallholder chicken flocks
The objective of this study was to establish baseline information of antimicrobial resistance presence in E. coli and Salmonella isolated from smallholder flocks in Ontario, utilizing CIPARS collection and isolation methodologies, and to compare findings with CIPARS federally inspected abattoir data from Ontario, Canada. Five chickens per flock were sampled from 205 smallholder flocks. Of 1,025 samples, the E. coli prevalence was 99% (1,022/1,025), and 47% (483/1,022) of positive E. coli isolates were resistant to one or more of the 14 antimicrobials. Furthermore, as compared to results reported for the CIPARS commercia...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - August 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: L. Lebert, S. ‐L. Martz, N. Janecko, A. E. Deckert, A. Agunos, A. Reid, J. E. Rubin, R. J. Reid‐Smith, S. A. McEwen Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of dietary fibre from distillers grains on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli detection from the rectoanal mucosa and hides of feedlot steers
Summary
Feeding high levels (≥40% dry matter) of distillers grains may increase the risk for cattle to carry enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157. The mechanism for the increased risk is not known nor whether non‐O157 EHEC are similarly affected. Our objective was to test whether the fibre content or other components of modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) affects the probability for cattle to carry EHEC serogroups of public health importance. A 2 × 2 plus 1 factorial treatment arrangement within a randomized block design was utilized. Within each of four blocks, 25 feedlot pens (n = 8 steers...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - July 29, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: L. G. Schneider, T. J. Klopfenstein, Z. R. Stromberg, G. L. Lewis, G. E. Erickson, R. A. Moxley, D. R. Smith Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Population structure and attribution of human clinical Campylobacter jejuni isolates from central Europe to livestock and environmental sources
Summary
Campylobacter jejuni is among the most prevalent causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Domesticated animals and, especially, chicken meat are considered to be the main sources of infections. However, the contribution of surface waters and wildlife in C. jejuni transmission to humans is not well understood. We have evaluated the source attribution potential of a six‐gene multiplex PCR (mPCR) method coupled with STRUCTURE analysis on a set of 410 C. jejuni strains isolated from environment, livestock, food and humans in central Europe. Multiplex PCR fingerprints were analysed using Subclade predictio...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - July 28, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: J. Kovac, B. Stessl, N. Čadež, I. Gruntar, M. Cimerman, K. Stingl, M. Lušicky, M. Ocepek, M. Wagner, S. Smole Možina Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Prevalence of Salmonella among waterfowl along the Texas Gulf coast
Summary
Migratory waterfowl may play a role in the ecology and transmission of zoonotic pathogens, given their ability to travel long distances and their use of varied habitats. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella among waterfowl along the Texas Gulf coast and to characterize the isolates. Faecal samples were collected from hunter‐harvested waterfowl at four wildlife management areas from September through November, 2016. Standard bacteriologic culture methods were used to isolate Salmonella from samples, and isolates were characterized by serotyping and anti‐microbial susceptibility testing. T...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - July 19, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: M. K. Grigar, K. J. Cummings, S. C. Rankin Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
High hepatitis E virus antibody positive rates in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south ‐west of China
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HEV infection among dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west region of China. A total of 4,490 dog serum samples and 2,206 relative practitioner serum samples were collected from 18 pet hospitals and dog farms in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou province, and the anti‐HEV IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA. The results showed that the total positive rate of anti‐HEV antibodies was 36.55% with the highest rate in city stray dogs, and the differences in distinct species and growth phases were significant. The positive rate of anti‐HEV antibody in...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - July 17, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: M. Y. Zeng, H. Gao, X. X. Yan, W. J. Qu, Y. K. Sun, G. W. Fu, Y. L. Yan Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
