Temporal trends in Giardia occurrence in the Grand River and surrounding tributaries, Waterloo, Ontario (2005 –2013), a retrospective analysis of surveillance data
Summary
Giardia contamination in the Grand River Watershed (south‐western Ontario, Canada) was monitored from 2005 to 2013 as part of FoodNet Canada. Our study objectives were to describe the temporal pattern of Giardia occurrence and determine whether water quality parameters and bacterial indicators could act as effective markers for Giardia occurrence. Water samples were collected monthly from the Grand River near a drinking water intake point (2005–2013) and also collected intermittently from other areas in the watershed during the study period. Samples were tested for Giardia cysts using the US EPA method 1623. Sa...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - October 5, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: A. L. Swirski, D. L. Pearl, A. S. Peregrine, J. Thomas, K. Pintar Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
A cross ‐sectional study of intestinal parasitoses in dogs and children of the periurban area of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina): Zoonotic importance and implications in public health
Summary
A cross‐sectional study was performed between school term dates 2014 and 2015 to diagnose intestinal parasites in dogs and children living with them. The socio‐environmental characteristics and hygiene practices of the children were also evaluated in terms of risk factors for parasitic infection of periurban neighbourhoods of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Serial coproparasitological samples of 78 dogs and 211 children were analysed by means of concentration and flotation techniques. Socio‐environmental variables and hygiene practices of children were evaluated through semi‐structured questionnaires wh...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - October 5, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: P. Cociancic, M. L. Zonta, G. T. Navone Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Genetic diversity, anti ‐microbial resistance, plasmid profile and frequency of the Vi antigen in Salmonella Dublin strains isolated in Brazil
Summary
Salmonella Dublin is strongly adapted to cattle causing enteritis and/or systemic disease with high rates of mortality. However, it can be sporadically isolated from humans, usually causing serious disease, especially in patients with underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to molecularly type S. Dublin strains isolated from humans and animals in Brazil to verify the diversity of these strains as well as to ascertain possible differences between strains isolated from humans and animals. Moreover, the presence of the capsular antigen Vi and the plasmid profile was characterized in addition to the ant...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 24, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: F. P. Vilela, M. R. Fraz ão, D. P. Rodrigues, R. G. Costa, M. R. T. Casas, S. A. Fernandes, J. P. Falcão, F. Campioni Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in southeastern Australian pig herds and implications for surveillance
Summary
To investigate public health implications of antibiotics to control post‐weaning scours, we surveyed 22 commercial pig herds in southeastern Australia. Fifty faecal samples per herd were collected from pre‐ and post‐weaned piglets. Presumptive Escherichia coli isolates were confirmed by MALDI‐TOF MS. Isolates (n = 325) were screened for susceptibility to 19 veterinary antibiotics using MIC broth microdilution. All 325 E. coli isolates underwent further testing against 27 antibiotics used in human medicine and were screened for ETEC adhesin and enterotoxin genes (F4 (K88), F5 (K99), F6 (987P), F18, F41, ...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 17, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: L. K. van Breda, O. P. Dhungyel, M. P. Ward Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Transmission and immunopathology of the avian influenza virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) human isolate in three commonly commercialized avian species
Zoonoses and Public Health, EarlyView. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health)
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 14, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
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Zoonoses and Public Health, Ahead of Print. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health)
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 14, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Outbreak of tularaemia connected to a contaminated well in the V ästra Götaland region in Sweden
Summary
Tularaemia, is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. This disease has been reported in Sweden since 1931 and its wide distribution in the country poses a challenge for understanding the transmission, ecology and epidemiology of the disease. In Sweden, the disease is usually transmitted by mosquitoes, but in this study we could show that consumption of well water was epidemiologically linked to the outbreak, by isolating F. tularensis from the water. In this article, we describe an outbreak of tularaemia in the region of Västra Götaland in the southwest of Sweden in spring of 2013. (S...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 14, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: E. Lindhusen Lindh é, M. Hjertqvist, T. Wahab Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Exploring animal rabies endemicity to inform control programmes in Punjab, India
This study provides baseline information for assessing the efficacy of rabies control measures and developing seasonally targeted dog vaccination and rabies awareness strategies. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health)
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: V. J. Brookes, G. S. Gill, C. K. Singh, B. S. Sandhu, N. K. Dhand, B. B. Singh, J. P. S. Gill, M. P. Ward Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Equine chlamydiosis —An emerging infectious disease requiring a one health surveillance approach
Summary
Psittacosis is a rare but potentially fatal zoonosis caused by Chlamydia psittaci, an organism that is typically associated with bird contact. However C. psittaci is capable of infecting other non‐avian hosts, such as horses, sheep, cattle and goats. Stud staff and veterinarians have significant exposure to parturient animals and reproductive materials in their routine work. To investigate the zoonotic potential associated with the emergence of C. psittaci as an abortifacient agent in horses, we established a programme of joint human and animal surveillance in a sentinel horse‐breeding region in Australia. Th...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: K. A. Taylor, D. Durrheim, J. Heller, B. O'Rourke, K. Hope, T. Merritt, P. Freeman, C. Chicken, J. Carrick, J. Branley, P. Massey Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
Hepatitis E virus and related viruses in wild, domestic and zoo animals: A review
Summary
Hepatitis E is a human disease mainly characterized by acute liver illness, which is caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Large hepatitis E outbreaks have been described in developing countries; however, the disease is also increasingly recognized in industrialized countries. Mortality rates up to 25% have been described for pregnant women during outbreaks in developing countries. In addition, chronic disease courses could be observed in immunocompromised transplant patients. Whereas the HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are mainly confined to humans, genotypes 3 and 4 are also found in animals and can be zoon...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: C. Spahr, T. Knauf ‐Witzens, T. Vahlenkamp, R. G. Ulrich, R. Johne Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Infectious dose ‐dependent accumulation of live highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in chicken skeletal muscle—implications for public health
Summary
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) of H5N1 subtype are a major global threat to poultry and public health. Export of poultry products, such as chicken and duck meat, is a known source for the cross‐boundary spread of HPAI H5N1 viruses. Humans get infected with HPAI H5N1 viruses either by close contact with infected poultry or through consumption of fresh/undercooked poultry meat. Skeletal muscle is the largest soft tissue in chicken that has been shown to contain virus during systemic HPAIV infection and supports productive virus infection. However, the time between infection of a chicken with H5N1...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: G. Vasudevan, P. R. Vanamayya, S. Nagarajan, K. Rajukumar, S. Suba, G. Venketash, C. Tosh, R. Sood, R. H. Nissly, S. V. Kuchipudi Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
The horizontal transfer of Salmonella between the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and poultry manure
This study defines this route of transmission and provides empirical data on bacterial loads that facilitate Salmonella transfer. Results showed differential Salmonella transfer dependent on bacterial concentration. At 103 cfu/ml, only a small, but not significant, amount of Salmonella was transferred, from the LMB to the manure and back to uninfected LMB; while from 105 to 107 cfu/ml, a significant acquisition and transfer occurred both internally and externally to the LMB over 4 and 24 hr exposures. These data will be used in correlation with facility management practices to develop intervention strategies to mitigate...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: T. L. Crippen, C. L. Sheffield, R. C. Beier, D. J. Nisbet Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Attribution of human infections with Shiga toxin ‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) to livestock sources and identification of source‐specific risk factors, The Netherlands (2010–2014)
Summary
Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen of public health concern whose sources and transmission routes are difficult to trace. Using a combined source attribution and case–control analysis, we determined the relative contributions of four putative livestock sources (cattle, small ruminants, pigs, poultry) to human STEC infections and their associated dietary, animal contact, temporal and socio‐econo‐demographic risk factors in the Netherlands in 2010/2011–2014. Dutch source data were supplemented with those from other European countries with similar STEC epidemiology. Human ST...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: L. Mughini ‐Gras, W. Pelt, M. Voort, M. Heck, I. Friesema, E. Franz Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Re ‐emergence of rabies virus maintained by canid populations in Paraguay
Summary
Paraguay has registered no human cases of rabies since 2004, and the last case in dogs, reported in 2009, was due to a variant maintained in the common vampire bat “Desmodus rotundus”. In 2014, a dog was diagnosed as positive for rabies with aggression towards a boy and all required measures of control were successfully adopted. Epidemiological investigation revealed that the dog was not vaccinated and had been attacked by a crab‐eating fox, “zorro” (Cerdocyon thous). The sample was diagnosed by the Official Veterinary Service of the Country and sent to the Center on Rabies Research from the University of...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: A. C. F. Amarilla, J. C. A. Pompei, D. B. Araujo, F. A. V ázquez, R. R. Galeano, L. M. Delgado, G. Bogado, M. Colman, L. Sanabria, K. Iamamoto, R. Garcia, D. Assis, R. Recalde, L. F. Martorelli, E. Quiñones, A. Cabello, M. Martini, O. Cosivi, E. L. Duri Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
Transmission and immunopathology of the avian influenza virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) human isolate in three commonly commercialized avian species
Summary
H7N9 virus infection is a global concern, given that it can cause severe infection and mortality in humans. However, the understanding of H7N9 epidemiology, animal reservoir species and zoonotic risk remains limited. This work evaluates the pathogenicity, transmissibility and local innate immune response of three avian species harbouring different respiratory distribution of α2,6 and α2,3 SA receptors. Muscovy ducks, European quails and SPF chickens were intranasally inoculated with 105 embryo infectious dose (EID)50 of the human H7N9 (A/Anhui/1/2013) influenza isolate. None of the avian species showed clinical s...
Source: Zoonoses and Public Health - September 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: B. Vida ña, R. Dolz, N. Busquets, A. Ramis, R. Sánchez, R. Rivas, R. Valle, I. Cordón, D. Solanes, J. Martínez, N. Majó Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
