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Multiple components of developmental dyscalculia
Publication date: June 2013 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 2, Issue 2 Author(s): Wim Fias , Vinod Menon , Denes Szucs Unresolved controversies regarding the functional impairments at the origin of dyscalculia, including working memory, approximate number system and attention have pervaded the field of mathematical learning disabilities. These controversies are fed by the tendency to focus on a single explanatory factor. We argue that we are in need of neurocognitive frameworks involving multiple functional components that contribute to inefficient numerical problem solving and dyscalculia. (Sour...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Core deficit and individual manifestations of developmental dyscalculia (DD): The role of comorbidity
Publication date: June 2013 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 2, Issue 2 Author(s): Karin Landerl , Silke M. Göbel , Kristina Moll Among individuals with dyscalculia, prevalence rates for other developmental problems are clearly higher than in the general population. Comorbidity itself therefore constitutes a central characteristic of dyscalculia. Thus, research designs are needed which explicitly account for comorbid problems in order to examine the specificity of any risk or protective factor. Multiple-deficit models seem best suited to explain the heterogeneity of dyscalculia. Numerical process...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The impact of participation in a neuroscience course on motivational measures and academic performance
Publication date: September–December 2013 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 2, Issues 3–4 Author(s): Eleanor J. Dommett , Ian M. Devonshire , Emma Sewter , Susan A. Greenfield Previous work suggests how pupils view their intelligence (fixed or flexible) influences academic performance. We delivered workshops on neuroscience emphasising brain plasticity to 11–12 year old pupils to encourage belief in incremental intelligence. We assessed changes in motivational measures, including intelligence beliefs, and mathematics ability. Neuroscience, study skills (an active control) or no information w...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Slippery slopes. Some considerations for favoring a good marriage between education and the science of the mind–brain–behavior, and forestalling the risks
Publication date: September–December 2013 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 2, Issues 3–4 Author(s): Elena Pasquinelli The paper briefly discusses historical and contemporary reasons for fostering the enterprise of establishing education as an applied science, grounded on theoretical and empirical research in the sciences of the mind, brain, and behavior. The bulk of the paper discusses potential risks that threaten the enterprise, and proposes three levels of contribution that cognitive science can bring into: education policymaking, educational research, and educational practice. (Source: Trend...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Developing self-regulation in early childhood
Publication date: September–December 2013 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 2, Issues 3–4 Author(s): Michael I. Posner , Mary K. Rothbart , Yiyuan Tang Studies using fMRI at rest and during task performance have revealed a set of brain areas and their connections that can be linked to the ability of children to regulate their thoughts, actions and emotions. Higher self-regulation has also been related favorable outcomes in adulthood. These findings have set the occasion for methods of improving self-regulation via training. A tool kit of such methods is now available. It remains to be seen if e...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Anterior cingulate activation during cognitive control relates to academic performance in medical students
Publication date: September–December 2013 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 2, Issues 3–4 Author(s): K. Veroude , J. Jolles , M. Knežević , C.M.P. Vos , G. Croiset , L. Krabbendam It is believed that academic performance is in part determined by cognitive control, the skill of flexibly guiding behavior. Although previous neuroimaging research has demonstrated that lateral and medial prefrontal cortex, including ACC, are involved during tasks of cognitive control, little is known about the relation between brain mechanisms underlying cognitive control and academic performance in a real-worl...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

To swipe or not to swipe?—The question in present-day education
Publication date: September–December 2013 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 2, Issues 3–4 Author(s): Manfred Spitzer (Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education)
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Forging a new path for Educational Neuroscience: An international young-researcher perspective on combining neuroscience and educational practices
Publication date: March 2014 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 3, Issue 1 Author(s): Hannah L. Pincham , Anna A. Matejko , Andreas Obersteiner , Clare Killikelly , Karina P. Abrahao , Silvia Benavides-Varela , Florence C. Gabriel , Joana R. Rato , Laura Vuillier The use of neuroscience to improve education has been considered by researchers and practitioners alike. However, workable solutions that lead to improvements in research and practice are yet to emerge. As newly qualified educational neuroscientists, our experiences dictate that the progress in this field relies upon ‘Educational Ne...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Culture as a binder for bilingual acquisition
Publication date: March 2014 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 3, Issue 1 Author(s): Padmapriya Kandhadai , D. Kyle Danielson , Janet F. Werker Babies growing up bilingual attune to the speech sounds, rhythm, and intonation of each of their native languages; establish word meanings; and acquire syntax. Given that language acquisition occurs within a broader cultural context, we propose that culture may provide a binder for language acquisition, particularly for a bilingual learner. Bilingual infants may be able to use cultural information outside of language to help keep their two languages distinc...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Sleep and school education
Publication date: March 2014 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 3, Issue 1 Author(s): Sidarta Ribeiro , Robert Stickgold Sleep has emerged in the past decades as a key process for memory consolidation and restructuring. Given the universality of sleep across cultures, the need to reduce educational inequality, the low implementation cost of a sleep-based pedagogy, and its global scalability, it is surprising that the potential of improved sleep as a means of enhancing school education has remained largely unexploited. Students of various socio-economic status often suffer from sleep deficits. In prin...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Attention to learning of school subjects
Publication date: March 2014 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 3, Issue 1 Author(s): Michael I. Posner , Mary K. Rothbart In this brief comment we add to our previous discussion (Posner et al., 2013 [26]) about the importance of control mechanisms related to attention networks by dealing with how control influences what is learned and how wide the generalization of the learned information will be. A brain network connecting the anterior cingulate to the hippocampus appears to be important for the registration of new learning. This network provides a mechanism for how attention influences learning. I...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Finding the missing piece: Blocks, puzzles, and shapes fuel school readiness
Publication date: March 2014 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 3, Issue 1 Author(s): Brian N. Verdine , Roberta Michnick Golinkoff , Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek , Nora S. Newcombe Experiences with spatial toys such as blocks, puzzles, and shape games, and the spatial words and gestures they evoke from adults, have a significant influence on the early development of spatial skills. Spatial skills are important for success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields [77] (e.g., Wai, Lubinski, Benbow and Steiger, 2010), and are related to early mathematics performance [48] (Mix and Che...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

How gesture works to change our minds
Publication date: March 2014 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 3, Issue 1 Author(s): Susan Goldin-Meadow When people talk, they gesture. We now know that these gestures are associated with learning—they can index moments of cognitive instability and reflect thoughts not yet found in speech. But gesture has the potential to do more than just reflect learning—it might be involved in the learning process itself. This review focuses on two non-mutually exclusive possibilities: (1) The gestures we see others produce have the potential to change our thoughts. (2) The gestures that we ourselves produce ...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Latin American School on Education and the Cognitive and Neural Sciences: Goals and challenges
Publication date: March 2014 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Volume 3, Issue 1 Author(s): John T. Bruer Although the institution of summer schools is well established within the scientific community, the LA School is unique in its goals and future challenges. (Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education)
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Testing alters brain activity during subsequent restudy: Evidence for test-potentiated encoding
This study investigated whether and how testing affects brain activity during subsequent restudy of Swahili–Swedish word pairs after a cued-recall test. Item-events during fMRI were categorized according to history (tested/studied only) and recall outcome at prescan and postscan tests. Activity was higher for tested compared to studied-only items in anterior insula, orbital parts of inferior frontal gyrus and hippocampus, and lower in regions implicated in the default network, such as precuneus, supramarginal gyrus and the posterior middle cingulate. Findings are discussed in terms of top-down biasing of attention to tes...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research