Discovering the Computational Relevance of Brain Network Organization
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Takuya Ito, Luke Hearne, Ravi Mill, Carrisa Cocuzza, Michael W. ColeUnderstanding neurocognitive computations will require not just localizing cognitive information distributed throughout the brain but also determining how that information got there. We review recent advances in linking empirical and simulated brain network organization with cognitive information processing. Building on these advances, we offer a new framework for understanding the role of connectivity in cognition: network coding (encoding/decoding) models. T...
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 13, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How Curiosity Enhances Hippocampus-Dependent Memory: The Prediction, Appraisal, Curiosity, and Exploration (PACE) Framework
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Matthias J. Gruber, Charan RanganathCuriosity plays a fundamental role for learning and memory, but the neural mechanisms that stimulate curiosity and its effect on memory are poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that curiosity states are related to modulations in activity in the dopaminergic circuit and that these modulations impact memory encoding and consolidation for both targets of curiosity and incidental information encountered during curiosity states. To account for this evidence, we propose the Prediction,...
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 7, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Exercise, Dopamine, and Cognition in Older Age
Publication date: Available online 5 November 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Eric J. Juarez, Gregory R. Samanez-LarkinJonasson et al. investigated whether individual differences in human dopamine receptors (D2R) were related to cognitive performance before and after a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention (compared with active control). While D2R decreased (perhaps counterintuitively) with exercise, there was no relationship between D2R and working memory at baseline or following exercise. (Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences)
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Belief Representation in Great Apes
Publication date: Available online 5 November 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Alia MartinA new study by Kano and colleagues shows that great apes use their own visual experience to attribute perceptions and beliefs to another agent. Their results suggest that the way apes understand behavior is more similar to human understanding than was previously thought, and may be driven by representations of mental states. (Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences)
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Rapid Cortical Plasticity Supports Long-Term Memory Formation
Publication date: Available online 6 November 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Melissa Hebscher, Erik Wing, Jennifer Ryan, Asaf GilboaThe standard systems consolidation account posits that recently formed memories are initially dependent on the hippocampus and only gradually become instantiated in neocortical networks over a period of weeks to years. However, recent animal and human research has identified rapid formation of cortical engrams at the time of learning that can support hippocampal-independent memories within hours or days. Conditions that promote rapid cortical learning include relatedness to...
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
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Publication date: November 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume 23, Issue 11Author(s): (Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences)
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Editorial Board and Contents
Publication date: November 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume 23, Issue 11Author(s): (Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences)
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Track It to Crack It: Dissecting Processing Stages with Finger Tracking
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Dror Dotan, Pedro Pinheiro-Chagas, Fosca Al Roumi, Stanislas DehaeneA central goal in cognitive science is to parse the series of processing stages underlying a cognitive task. A powerful yet simple behavioral method that can resolve this problem is finger trajectory tracking: by continuously tracking the finger position and speed as a participant chooses a response, and by analyzing which stimulus features affect the trajectory at each time point during the trial, we can estimate the absolute timing and order of each processin...
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
What Is Wrong with the No-Report Paradigm and How to Fix It
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Ned BlockIs consciousness based in prefrontal circuits involved in cognitive processes like thought, reasoning, and memory or is it based in sensory areas in the back of the neocortex? The no-report paradigm has been crucial to this debate because it aims to separate the neural basis of the cognitive processes underlying post-perceptual decision and report from the neural basis of conscious perception itself. However, the no-report paradigm is problematic because, even in the absence of report, subjects might engage in post-per...
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How We Know What Not To Think
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Jonathan Phillips, Adam Morris, Fiery CushmanHumans often represent and reason about unrealized possible actions – the vast infinity of things that were not (or have not yet been) chosen. This capacity is central to the most impressive of human abilities: causal reasoning, planning, linguistic communication, moral judgment, etc. Nevertheless, how do we select possible actions that are worth considering from the infinity of unrealized actions that are better left ignored? We review research across the cognitive sciences, and f...
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - November 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A Neural Chronometry of Memory Recall
Publication date: Available online 28 October 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Bernhard P. Staresina, Maria WimberEpisodic memory allows us to mentally travel through time. How does the brain convert a simple reminder cue into a full-blown memory of past events and experiences? In this review, we integrate recent developments in the cognitive neuroscience of human memory retrieval, pinpointing the neural chronometry underlying successful recall. Electrophysiological recordings suggest that sensory cues proceed into the medial temporal lobe within the first 500 ms. At this point, a hippocampal process set...
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - October 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
From Knowing to Remembering: The Semantic–Episodic Distinction
Publication date: Available online 28 October 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Louis Renoult, Muireann Irish, Morris Moscovitch, Michael D. RuggThe distinction between episodic and semantic memory was first proposed in 1972 by Endel Tulving and is still of central importance in cognitive neuroscience. However, data obtained over the past 30 years or so support the idea that the frontiers between perception and knowledge and between episodic and semantic memory are not as clear cut as previously thought, prompting a rethink of the episodic–semantic distinction. Here, we review recent research on episodic...
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - October 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Computational Models of Retrieval Processes in Sentence Processing
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Shravan Vasishth, Bruno Nicenboim, Felix Engelmann, Frank BurchertSentence comprehension requires that the comprehender work out who did what to whom. This process has been characterized as retrieval from memory. This review summarizes the quantitative predictions and empirical coverage of the two existing computational models of retrieval and shows how the predictive performance of these two competing models can be tested against a benchmark data-set. We also show how computational modeling can help us better understand source...
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - October 24, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Gamma Oscillations Shape Pain in Animals and Humans
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Markus Ploner, Joachim Gross (Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences)
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - October 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
N-Best Evaluation for Academic Hiring and Promotion
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2019Source: Trends in Cognitive SciencesAuthor(s): Michael C. FrankCurrent evaluations for scientists create perverse incentives. To avoid this issue, I propose an N-best policy: Hiring and promotion committees should solicit a few research products as the primary locus of evaluation. This policy aligns evaluation with the goal of selecting scientists who produce high-quality work. (Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences)
Source: Trends in Cognitive Sciences - October 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
