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A review of the efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate in the management of partial-onset seizures
Eslicarbazepine acetate is a is a once-daily antiepileptic drug (AED) that was approved in 2009 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) (Zebinix™), and in 2013 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Aptiom™) as adjunctive therapy in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures, with or without secondary generalization. It is a third-generation member of the dibenzazepine family of AEDs with distinctive mechanism of action, posology and tolerability profile. The eslicarbazepine acetate development program included an initial phase II study (study BIA 2-093) and three subsequent phase III, multicentre, ran...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - June 19, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Rocamora, R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Duchenne muscular dystrophy: current cell therapies
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetically determined X-linked disease and the most common, progressive pediatric muscle disorder. For decades, research has been conducted to find an effective therapy. This review presents current therapeutic methods for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, based on scientific articles in English published mainly in the period 2000 to 2014. We used the PubMed database to identify and review the most important studies. An analysis of contemporary studies of stem cell therapy and the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in muscular dystrophy was performed. (Source: Therapeutic Adva...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - June 19, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Sienkiewicz, D., Kulak, W., Okurowska-Zawada, B., Paszko-Patej, G., Kawnik, K. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The iontophoretic transdermal system formulation of sumatriptan as a new option in the acute treatment of migraine: a perspective
An iontophoretic transdermal system (ITS) (skin patch) formulation of sumatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine attacks was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2013. This transdermal system bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, as it uses low electrical current to move sumatriptan transdermally into the subcutaneous tissue. Randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials have demonstrated minimal triptan-related side effects and superior efficacy versus placebo, comparable with other sumatriptan formulations. Sumatriptan ITS can be applied successfully during a mild or severe migraine attac...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - June 19, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Vikelis, M., Spingos, K. C., Rapoport, A. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Subcutaneous immunoglobulin in treating inflammatory neuromuscular disorders
Conclusions: Our results suggest that subcutaneous immunoglobulins can be an attractive alternative therapy in autoimmune neuromuscular disorders. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - June 19, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Yoon, M.-S., Gold, R., Kerasnoudis, A. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel in the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures: clinical trial evidence and experience
More than 20 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are currently available for the medical treatment of epilepsies. However, still about 30% of all epilepsies have a drug-resistant course. Even worse, in the case of some epilepsy syndromes, freedom from seizures is almost never achieved. Therefore, new treatment options are still necessary, especially if theoretical concepts such as a new mode of action offer new horizons. Perampanel is the first-in-class orally active, selective, noncompetitive antagonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. The pharmacokinetic profile offers once-daily dos...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - April 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Steinhoff, B. J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

A review of the efficacy and safety of extended-release topiramate in the adjunctive treatment for refractory partial-onset seizures
Topiramate has been widely utilized worldwide as an effective medication against partial- and generalized-onset seizures. Extended-release topiramate was developed to provide patients with the convenience of once-daily dosing and potentially improved tolerability by reducing serum concentration fluctuation. USL255 is a once-daily, extended-release formulation of topiramate, which was recently approved in the USA. Compared with immediate-release topiramate taken twice daily, once-daily USL255 provides equivalent topiramate exposure with a 26% reduction in plasma fluctuations. A multinational, phase III, randomized, double-b...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - April 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Chung, S. S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Exercise in the management of persons with multiple sclerosis
This article reviews previous studies on the effects of different exercise protocols in people with MS, and provides summaries of suggested exercise regimens that may be appropriate and beneficial for this patient population. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - April 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Giesser, B. S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The pathogenesis of multifocal motor neuropathy and an update on current management options
Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare and disabling disease. Several experimental studies and clinical data are strongly suggestive of an immune-mediated pathogenesis, although underlying mechanisms in MMN seem to be very specific, mainly because of the presence of IgM anti-GM1 serum antibodies and the dramatic response to intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg). The origin of antiganglioside antibodies and the way in which they act at the molecular level remain unclear. Several studies have demonstrated the key role of complement activation in the underlying mechanisms of MMN, as well as in animal models of acute motor a...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - April 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Leger, J.-M., Guimaraes-Costa, R., Iancu Ferfoglia, R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The emerging role of tacrolimus in myasthenia gravis
Conclusions: There is limited yet promising information to suggest a beneficial role for tacrolimus in reducing QMGS and corticosteroid burden in patients with refractory symptoms or new-onset MG. Long-term use appears to be safe in this population. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - March 10, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Cruz, J. L., Wolff, M. L., Vanderman, A. J., Brown, J. N. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Botulinum toxin in the management of blepharospasm: current evidence and recent developments
Blepharospasm is a focal (although usually bilateral) dystonia of the orbicularis oculi muscles, producing excessive eye closure. This produces significant disability through functional blindness. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) have become the treatment of choice for blepharospasm; the impressive response rate and the tolerable safety profile have been proven through multiple clinical studies. There are currently four BoNT approved in the United States for different indications - we review the data on blepharospasm for each of these drugs. Currently, incobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA have the most evidence of benefi...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - March 10, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Hellman, A., Torres-Russotto, D. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Prothrombotic risk factors and antithrombotic therapy in children with ischemic stroke
Conclusion: Ischemic CVS in children is multifactorial. Thrombophilia testing should be performed in any child with CVS. Early use of aspirin improves the prognosis and has less effect on cognitive function. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - March 10, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Eltayeb, A. A., Askar, G. A., Abu Faddan, N. H., Kamal, T. M. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

A pilot, longitudinal, 24-week study to evaluate the effect of interferon beta-1a subcutaneous on changes in susceptibility-weighted imaging-filtered phase assessment of lesions and subcortical deep-gray matter in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Conclusions: Over 24 weeks, phase lesions were reduced significantly in the RRMS group. These preliminary results suggest that SWI-filtered phase may become a useful tool for monitoring RRMS disease activity. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - March 10, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Zivadinov, R., Dwyer, M., Markovic-Plese, S., Hayward, B., Bergsland, N., Heininen-Brown, M., Carl, E., Kennedy, C., Dangond, F., Weinstock-Guttman, B. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The pharmacological profile and clinical prospects of the oral 5-HT1F receptor agonist lasmiditan in the acute treatment of migraine
More than 20 years have passed without the launch of a new substance class for acute migraine therapy. Triptans were the latest class of substances which successfully passed all developmental stages with a significant antimigraine efficacy and a sufficient safety profile. New drugs with a better adverse event profile and at least similar efficacy are needed for migraine subjects who cannot tolerate triptans for attack treatment. Lasmiditan is a novel highly specific 5-HT1F receptor agonist currently in clinical trials for acute migraine therapy and devoid of vasoconstriction in coronary arteries as determined in a surrogat...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - January 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Reuter, U., Israel, H., Neeb, L. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Alemtuzumab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: key clinical trial results and considerations for use
Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody therapy that has recently been approved in over 30 countries for patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It acts by targeting CD52, an antigen primarily expressed on T and B lymphocytes, resulting in their depletion and subsequent repopulation. The alemtuzumab clinical development program used an active comparator, subcutaneous interferon beta-1a, to show that alemtuzumab is a highly efficacious disease-modifying therapy, with benefits on relapses, disability outcomes, and freedom from clinical disease and magnetic resonance imaging activity. The safety pr...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - January 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Havrdova, E., Horakova, D., Kovarova, I. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Dimethyl fumarate in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an overview
Multiple sclerosis (MS) shares an immune-mediated origin with psoriasis. Long-term safety and efficacy data generated in Europe from usage of fumaric acid formulations in the latter disease constituted grounds to investigate their effects in MS patients. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) was found to be the active principle in those formulations and in vitro studies have demonstrated that DMF has immune-modulatory properties exerted through abilities to divert cytokine production toward a Th2 profile, both on lymphocytes and microglial cells. More importantly, DMF was discovered to impact the anti-oxidative stress cell machinery pro...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders - January 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Bomprezzi, R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research