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Nivolumab in NSCLC: latest evidence and clinical potential
New insight on the interaction between the immune system and tumor has identified the programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand pathway to be a key player in evading host immune response. The immune checkpoint modulator, nivolumab (BMS-936558/ONO-4538), is the first PD-1 inhibitor to gain regulatory approval, for the treatment of patients with unresectable melanoma. This review will discuss results from early phase studies of nivolumab in solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as studies of nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy, other immune modulators and molecular targeted therapy in pa...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - March 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sundar, R., Cho, B.-C., Brahmer, J. R., Soo, R. A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a review of current treatment strategies and developing therapies
This article reviews the major clinical trial data that is the basis for the current chemotherapy regimens used as first- and second-line treatments for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We also review the current ongoing clinical trials, which include the use of agents targeting the oncogenic network signaling of K-Ras, agents targeting the extracellular matrix, and immune therapies. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - March 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Teague, A., Lim, K.-H., Wang-Gillam, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Does metabolic syndrome or its components associate with prostate cancer when diagnosed on biopsy?
Conclusions: We found little evidence to support the hypothesis that increased incidence of metabolic syndrome (or its components) contributes to increased incidence of prostate cancer. A larger, prospective, multicentre investigation is mandatory to confirm if there is any relationship between metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - March 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Telli, O., Sarici, H., Ekici, M., Ozgur, B. C., Doluoglu, O. G., Eroglu, M., Telli, T. A. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene alteration in signet ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract
Conclusions: ALK gene rearrangement is very rare in gastrointestinal cancers and enrichment strategy focusing on signet ring cell histology did not significantly improve the detection rate. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - March 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Alese, O. B., El-Rayes, B. F., Sica, G., Zhang, G., Alexis, D., La Rosa, F. G., Varella-Garcia, M., Chen, Z., Rossi, M. R., Adsay, N. V., Khuri, F. R., Owonikoko, T. K. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy for gastric cancer? A perspective review
This article covers the relevant studies dealing with neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment concepts and gives an overview on the latest developments in this field. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - December 12, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Schirren, R., Reim, D., Novotny, A. R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Advances in thyroid cancer treatment: latest evidence and clinical potential
Advanced thyroid carcinoma is an infrequent tumor entity with limited treatment possibilities until recently. The extraordinary improvement in the comprehension of genetic and molecular alterations involving the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and interacting pathways that are involved in tumor survival, proliferation, differentiation, motility and angiogenesis have been the rationale for the development of new effective targeted therapies. Data coming from phase II clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy of those targeted agents ag...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - December 12, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Alonso-Gordoa, T., Diez, J. J., Duran, M., Grande, E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Anti-programmed death receptor 1 immunotherapy in melanoma: rationale, evidence and clinical potential
Malignant melanoma is a significant public health problem; according to 2013 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, its average incidence rate rose 2.6% each year for the last decade, and it is now the fifth most common cancer diagnosis in the United States. The rising incidence and historical poor response to chemotherapy have led to intense investigation of novel treatments for melanoma, including therapies to improve the immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells. Among the hallmarks of malignancy is the ability to evade this process: while early stages of tumor growth can induce functional CD8+ T-cell respo...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - December 12, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Freeman-Keller, M., Weber, J. S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Clinicopathologic characteristics and management trends of cutaneous invasive and in situ melanoma in older patients: a retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Conclusion: Older patients with melanoma are less likely to receive care in academic centers, undergo wide excision for stage I–III disease and receive systemic therapy for stage III–IV disease. Particularly, the utilization of systemic therapy is markedly low. This disparity is particularly important with the availability of less intense more effective therapies. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - December 12, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bhatt, V. R., Shrestha, R., Krishnamurthy, J., Mosalpuria, K., Loberiza, F. R., Ganti, A. K., Silberstein, P. T. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Deciding site of biopsy at metastatic relapse: reply
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 20, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Janku, F. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Deciding site of biopsy at metastatic relapse
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 20, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Venniyoor, A. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: latest results and place in therapy
Approximately 70% of women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are diagnosed with advanced stage disease, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The standard approach to treating patients with advanced EOC remains primary debulking surgery (PDS) followed by chemotherapy. EOC is one of the most sensitive of all solid tumors to cytotoxic drugs, with over 80% of women showing a response to standard chemotherapy combined with taxane and platinum. Furthermore, residual disease is a major prognostic factor for survival. On the basis of the clinical features, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval d...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 20, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sato, S., Itamochi, H. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Targeting angiogenesis in advanced cervical cancer
Patients with advanced stage or recurrent cervical cancer represent a population with limited chemotherapeutic options. More specifically, patients with recurrent disease have a poor salvage rate, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. This year, the first prospective phase III clinical trial exploring the anti-angiogenic agent, bevacizumab, was published, meeting its primary endpoint, with a significant improvement in overall survival. As such, a review of anti-angiogenic therapy in the treatment of this disease is warranted. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 20, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Eskander, R. N., Tewari, K. S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Treatment strategies for radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
Until recently, no truly effective treatment options have existed for patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), a serious disease with poor prognosis. In November 2013, the targeted multikinase inhibitor, sorafenib, was approved for use in these patients based on substantially improved progression-free survival compared with placebo. A number of other targeted agents, including lenvatinib, are being investigated in phase II and phase III trials. With the advent of these new treatment options, practitioners are faced with making important decisions in determining which patients a...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 20, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Worden, F. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Intermittent dosing with vemurafenib in BRAF V600E-mutant melanoma: review of a case series
The selective BRAF inhibitors, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, yield high response rates and improved overall survival in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic melanoma. Acquired drug resistance and drug toxicity are key challenges when using these drugs. We investigated whether vemurafenib toxicity could successfully be managed with intermittent dosing, and if its therapeutic efficacy could be maintained on intermittent dosing. Six patients with BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic melanoma were treated with an intermittent dosing regimen of vemurafenib. In three patients, toxicities were successfully managed with an intermitte...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - October 20, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dooley, A. J., Gupta, A., Bhattacharyya, M., Middleton, M. R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Novel agents in development for advanced non-small cell lung cancer
The identification of EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to the rapid development of targeted therapies and significant changes in the treatment paradigm. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and crizotinib are now standard therapies for patients with the appropriate molecular alteration. Current investigations are determining the mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies and developing novel agents to combat resistance. For patients with KRAS mutant NSCLC, a phase III trial of the MEK inhibitor, selumetinib, has been initiated. For p...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology - September 2, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stinchcombe, T. E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research