Gender gaps in STEM in Japanese academia: The impact of research productivity, outside offers, and home life on pay
Publication date: Available online 5 April 2018Source: The Social Science JournalAuthor(s): Ana Maria Takahashi, Shingo Takahashi, Thomas N. MaloneyAbstractTo understand differences in labor market outcomes between genders, economists must examine a complex array of potentially significant factors, such as institutional context, productivity differences, child-bearing and home production, and bargaining behavior. Many of these factors are not well captured by standard data sources. We use a new survey of academics in Japan to better understand the sources of gender pay differences. We find a 6% pay gap which persists when ...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
What is moral sanctity? Sanctity in the moral worldviews of U.S. political liberals
Publication date: Available online 13 April 2018Source: The Social Science JournalAuthor(s): Allison DiBianca Fasoli, Alexandra Saunders, Irene AndradeAbstractThe moral worldviews of liberals and conservatives in the United States have been extensively studied in the political sphere, revealing the peripheral role of sanctity in the worldviews of liberals. This paper provides a commentary on this previous research and then presents a qualitative study that seeks to explore liberals’ personal meanings of sanctity from a more grounded approach. Liberals’ personal experiences of sanctity involved bodily contamination, int...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Resident interaction and social well-being in an oil boomtown in western North Dakota
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018Source: The Social Science JournalAuthor(s): Carol A. Archbold, Thomas Mrozla, Carol Huynh, Thorvald O. Dahle, Chloe Robinson, Alexandra MarcelAbstractPrevious studies on the social well-being of residents living in energy boomtowns focus primarily on demographic characteristics of residents. These studies do not consider that there could be a relationship between residents’ social well-being and whether they interact with new residents moving into their community. The current study includes a measure of interaction with new residents as it examines five dimensions of the s...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Silver screen sorting: Social identity and selective exposure in popular film viewing
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018Source: The Social Science JournalAuthor(s): Jeremiah J. Castle, Kyla SteppAbstractWhile research in media and politics has long stressed the importance of television, the political impact of movies has largely been ignored. However, a small body of literature suggests that both political docudramas and popular films may have the capacity to change the issue attitudes of viewers. Building on that work, this paper examines the potential for selective exposure in movie viewership. We develop a theory that there is large-scale sorting into popular movies rooted in social identit...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Gun-shy: Refusal to answer questions about firearm ownership
Publication date: Available online 5 May 2018Source: The Social Science JournalAuthor(s): R. UrbatschAbstractIn recent years, surveys in the United States have faced increasing refusal to answer questions about firearm ownership, even as other similar questions see no comparable up-tick in item nonresponse. Asymmetrical polarization, elite messaging, and changing media institutions all suggest that the surging nonresponse concerning gun-ownership questions may be increasingly concentrated among those with rightward political and partisan leanings, potentially skewing inferences about gun-related issues. Data from the Gener...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The negative health effects of external whistleblowing: A study of some key factors
Publication date: Available online 8 May 2018Source: The Social Science JournalAuthor(s): Heungsik Park, David LewisAbstractBlowing the whistle is a pro-social behaviour which can be highly effective if wrongdoing could be corrected without any adverse consequences for the person alleging or reporting it. However it is also risky and can cost whistleblowers their jobs and economic security as well as physical health and mental well-being. The purpose of this study was to identify the negative health effects—physical, behavioral, emotional, and mental—of whistleblowing and to examine the impact on these effects of dismi...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Urban–rural disparity in the satisfaction with public sports services: Survey-based evidence in China
Publication date: Available online 26 May 2018Source: The Social Science JournalAuthor(s): Xiujin Guo, Anning Hu, Jian Dai, Dexu Chen, Wenhua Zou, Yihong WangAbstractAs part of the national project of advancing citizens’ fitness and developing mass sports in China, public sports services (PSS) have been implemented rapidly throughout the country. However, how citizens of different social backgrounds evaluate PSS is still an open question. Drawing on the survey data from the Study of Community Sports in China collected in 2012, this article detects a significant urban–rural disparity in the satisfaction with PSS. Relati...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Campus crime and concealed carry laws: Is arming students the answer?
Publication date: Available online 30 May 2018Source: The Social Science JournalAuthor(s): Mark GiusAbstractAs of 2018, ten states allowed students, faculty, and staff to carry concealed firearms on campus. Although there has been much discussion regarding campus carry laws, there has been very little empirical research conducted on the link between campus carry laws and crime on campus. The present study attempts to determine if campus carry laws are statistically related to campus level crime. Using state-level data for the period 2005–2014 and a fixed effects model, results of the present study suggest that campus car...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Why do the poor oppose income redistribution? An empirical test on the impacts of nationalism and fatalism
Publication date: Available online 30 May 2018Source: The Social Science JournalAuthor(s): Han Il Chang, Woo Chang KangAbstractWe study the poor’s psychological motivations to oppose income redistribution, relying on social identity and system justification theories. We find that national identification reduces differences between the poor and the rich in terms of attitudes toward income redistribution and self-esteem, by discouraging the poor from supporting redistribution but encouraging them to acquire greater self-esteem. Next, fatalism reduces and increases differences between the poor and the rich in terms of attit...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Exploring the role of gain versus loss framing and point of reference in messages to reduce human–bear conflicts
This study provides guidance for continuing research and design of risk communication in the context of human–bear conflicts. (Source: The Social Science Journal)
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Changes in anti-fat weight bias in women after exposure to thin and plus-sized models
We examined whether exposing women to female models with different body sizes lead to changes in weight-based attitudes and whether evaluation focus altered the effects. Female college students (N = 214) were exposed to 22 images of either thin or overweight models. Participants rated models on either appearance or non-appearance characteristics and completed measures of anti-fat attitudes, thin ideal internalization, and demographics. Participants rated thin and overweight models equally attractive and sexy. Viewing overweight models showed a significant reduction in anti-fat attitudes. There were no effects for...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Romantic relationships, college student alcohol use, and negative consequences of drinking
This study examined whether being in a romantic relationship is associated with undergraduates’ alcohol use and negative consequences of drinking. Alcohol use was operationalized to include amount and frequency of drinking, binge drinking, and drunkenness. Negative consequences included: having a hangover, missing a class, getting behind in school work, doing something that was later regretted, forgetting where the student was or what they did, having unplanned sex, and getting hurt or injured. Data came from an online survey distributed to Midwestern undergraduate students (N = 572), with analyses conducted se...
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Undone Science: Social Movements, Mobilized Publics, and Industrial Transitions, David J. Hess. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass (2016), 250 pp., ISBN: 9780262529495
Publication date: June 2018Source: The Social Science Journal, Volume 55, Issue 2Author(s): Hugh S. Gorman (Source: The Social Science Journal)
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Economics of Poverty: History, Measurement, and Policy, Martin Ravallion. Oxford University Press, New York, NY (2016), 736 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 9780190212773
Publication date: June 2018Source: The Social Science Journal, Volume 55, Issue 2Author(s): Trang Hoang (Source: The Social Science Journal)
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Routledge Handbook of Graffiti and Street Art, Jeffrey Ian Ross (Ed.). Routledge, London, England (2016), 491pp., ISBN: 9781138792937
Publication date: June 2018Source: The Social Science Journal, Volume 55, Issue 2Author(s): Michael J. Lorr (Source: The Social Science Journal)
Source: The Social Science Journal - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
