[Corrections] Corrections
Cooper AJR, Dholakia S, Holland CV, Friend PJ. Helminths in organ transplantation. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; 17: e166 –76—In this Review, diethylcarbamazine, not doxycycline, should have been stated as effective for the control of Loa loa microfilaraemia. This correction has been made to the online version as of Oct 16, 2017. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 16, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Corrections Source Type: research
[Articles] Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on mortality in acute respiratory infections: a patient level meta-analysis
Use of procalcitonin to guide antibiotic treatment in patients with acute respiratory infections reduces antibiotic exposure and side-effects, and improves survival. Widespread implementation of procalcitonin protocols in patients with acute respiratory infections thus has the potential to improve antibiotic management with positive effects on clinical outcomes and on the current threat of increasing antibiotic multiresistance. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 13, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Philipp Schuetz, Yannick Wirz, Ramon Sager, Mirjam Christ-Crain, Daiana Stolz, Michael Tamm, Lila Bouadma, Charles E Luyt, Michel Wolff, Jean Chastre, Florence Tubach, Kristina B Kristoffersen, Olaf Burkhardt, Tobias Welte, Stefan Schroeder, Vandack Nobre Tags: Articles Source Type: research
[Comment] Procalcitonin and antibiotic use: imperfect, yet effective
The overwhelming burden of acute respiratory infections is undeniable. An estimated 2 ·74 million people died of lower respiratory tract infections in 2015 worldwide.1 Despite being commonly caused by viruses, antibiotics are often used to treat these diseases. In the USA, around 40 million outpatients received antibiotics for respiratory infections in 2007–09.2,3 (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 13, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Patricia S Fontela, Jesse Papenburg Tags: Comment Source Type: research
[Review] Antimicrobial resistance among children in sub-Saharan Africa
Antimicrobial resistance is an important threat to international health. Therapeutic guidelines for empirical treatment of common life-threatening infections depend on available information regarding microbial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility, but sub-Saharan Africa lacks diagnostic capacity and antimicrobial resistance surveillance. We systematically reviewed studies of antimicrobial resistance among children in sub-Saharan Africa since 2005. 18 of 1075 articles reviewed met inclusion criteria, providing data from 67 451 invasive bacterial isolates from inconsistently defined populations in predominantly urba...
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 9, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Phoebe C M Williams, David Isaacs, James A Berkley Tags: Review Source Type: research
[Articles] Ring vaccination with rVSV-ZEBOV under expanded access in response to an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, 2016: an operational and vaccine safety report
The results show that a ring vaccination strategy can be rapidly and safely implemented at scale in response to Ebola virus disease outbreaks in rural settings. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 9, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Pierre-St éphane Gsell, Anton Camacho, Adam J Kucharski, Conall H Watson, Aminata Bagayoko, Séverine Danmadji Nadlaou, Natalie E Dean, Abdourahamane Diallo, Abdourahmane Diallo, Djidonou A Honora, Moussa Doumbia, Godwin Enwere, Elizabeth S Higgs, Thomas Tags: Articles Source Type: research
[Corrections] Corrections
Majumder MS, Nguyen CM, Mekaru SR, Brownstein JS. Yellow fever vaccination coverage heterogeneities in Luanda province, Angola. Lancet Infect Dis 2016; 16: 993 –95—in the figure, the red square bullet should have read “threshold vaccination”, and the blue circular bullet should have read “vaccinated to date”. This correction has been made in the online version as of Oct 9, 2017. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 9, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Corrections Source Type: research
[Comment] An effective and safe vaccine will not be enough to prepare us for the next Ebola outbreak
In The Lancet Infectious Disease, Pierre-St éphane Gsell and colleagues1 present safety and efficacy data on the deployment of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine during an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, 2016. On March 17, 2016, almost 3 months after Guinea was first declared Ebola virus disease-free, two new cases of Ebola virus disease were confirmed.2 Fortunately, members of the Ebola Ça Suffit! team were meeting in the capital, Conakry. Less than 1 week after the first cases were confirmed, the previously trained team members travelled to the epicentre of the flare and began the process of identifying contacts and con...
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 9, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: John S Schieffelin Tags: Comment Source Type: research
[Articles] Changes in the prevalence of human papillomavirus following a national bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination programme in Scotland: a 7-year cross-sectional study
Bivalent vaccination has led to a startling reduction in vaccine and cross-protective HPV types 7 years after vaccination. There is also evidence of herd protection against the vaccine-specific and cross-protective types in unvaccinated individuals born in 1995. These findings should be considered in cost-effectiveness models informing vaccine choice and models to shape the future of cervical screening programmes. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - September 28, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kimberley Kavanagh, Kevin G Pollock, Kate Cuschieri, Tim Palmer, Ross L Cameron, Cameron Watt, Ramya Bhatia, Catherine Moore, Heather Cubie, Margaret Cruickshank, Chris Robertson Tags: Articles Source Type: research
[Comment] Confirming cross-protection of bivalent HPV vaccine
Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have exceeded expectations in preventing infection with oncogenic HPV, the underlying cause of cervical cancer. Both the bivalent HPV vaccine and quadrivalent HPV vaccine contain virus-like particles that induce high-level antibody responses to HPV types 16 and 18, the two most oncogenic HPV types, which are responsible for 71% of cervical cancer cases globally.1 In the 11 years since their first licensure, the vaccines have been distributed globally in over 270 million doses and are demonstrably safe in population usage. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - September 28, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Julia M L Brotherton Tags: Comment Source Type: research
[Articles] Oseltamivir, amantadine, and ribavirin combination antiviral therapy versus oseltamivir monotherapy for the treatment of influenza: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 2 trial
Although combination treatment showed a significant decrease in viral shedding at day 3 relative to monotherapy, this difference was not associated with improved clinical benefit. More work is needed to understand why there was no clinical benefit when a difference in virological outcome was identified. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: John H Beigel, Yajing Bao, Joy Beeler, Weerawat Manosuthi, Alex Slandzicki, Sadia M Dar, John Panuto, Richard L Beasley, Santiago Perez-Patrigeon, Gompol Suwanpimolkul, Marcelo H Losso, Natalie McClure, Dawn R Bozzolo, Christopher Myers, H Preston Holley, Tags: Articles Source Type: research
[Comment] Finding the right combination antiviral therapy for influenza
Influenza results in annual epidemics and global pandemics of acute respiratory illness that increases morbidity, mortality, and hospital admissions. Fortunately, there are currently two classes of antivirals licensed for the treatment of influenza in much of the world: the M2 inhibitiors (amantadine and rimantadine) and the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir and zanamivir). There are also other antivirals licensed in Asia (laninamivir and favipiravir) and Russia (umifenovir). Additionally, a wide range of novel antivirals have been or are being studied in the treatment of influenza. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - September 22, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Michael G Ison Tags: Comment Source Type: research
[Clinical Picture] Mycobacterium abscessus glossitis
A 40-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm of the left breast, was admitted for chemotherapy. She had already received multiple lines of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and radical mastectomy, but had local disease recurrence. She was treated with combination chemotherapy, consisting of intravenous mitoxantrone (10 mg/m2 for 3 days), etoposide (100 mg/m2 for 4 days), and cytarabine (1 g/m2 for 5 days). (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - September 21, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jae-Hoon Ko, Cheol-In Kang, Sun Young Cho, Young Eun Ha, Nam Yong Lee, Seok Jin Kim, Doo Ryeon Chung, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Hoon Song Tags: Clinical Picture Source Type: research
[Media Watch] Unseen enemy
“There is something that destroys the soul of a community when an epidemic is out of control”, explains Larry Brilliant, early in Unseen Enemy. “It is not just the large number of casualties and the deaths, it is what it does to the social fabric”. The well-meaning but flawed documentary is a call to arms. The world must ready itself for the next major disease outbreak. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - September 21, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Talha Burki Tags: Media Watch Source Type: research
[Profile] Simon Hay: mapping the world's ills
The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, might feel like a long way from home for Simon Hay. But as IHME's director of geospatial science and a professor of global health, Hay has made this sprawling and pretty metropolis his new home. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - September 21, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tony Kirby Tags: Profile Source Type: research
[Newsdesk] Research brief
Like smoking a rabbit out of a hole, researchers are testing the ability of an experimental cancer drug to reactivate latent HIV and expose it to antiretroviral treatment. The drug, called JQ1, targets the short form of a viral protein called BRD4, which is involved in virus transcription. JQ1 seems to remove the protein, allowing the transcription machinery to come back into action. Once HIV is transcribed and translated, it can be eliminated with standard antiretroviral therapy. This strategy could be a useful method in the stubborn last yard to effectively eradicate the virus from a patient's body. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - September 21, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Dara Mohammadi Tags: Newsdesk Source Type: research
