The fatty acids from LPL-mediated processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are taken up rapidly by cardiomyocytes [images in Lipid Research]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - May 31, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Jiang, H., He, C., Fong, L. G., Young, S. G. Tags: images in Lipid Research Source Type: research
Phosphatidylinositol metabolism, phospholipases, lipidomics, and cancer: In Memoriam: Michael J. O. Wakelam (1955-2020) [Tribute]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - May 31, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Dennis, E. A., ODonnell, V. B. Tags: Tribute Source Type: research
SSO and other putative inhibitors of FA transport across membranes by CD36 disrupt intracellular metabolism, but do not affect FA translocation [Research Articles]
Membrane-bound proteins have been proposed to mediate the transport of long-chain FA (LCFA) transport through the plasma membrane (PM). These proposals are based largely on reports that PM transport of LCFAs can be blocked by a number of enzymes and purported inhibitors of LCFA transport. Here, using the ratiometric pH indicator (2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6-)-carboxyfluorescein and acrylodated intestinal FA-binding protein-based dual fluorescence assays, we investigated the effects of nine inhibitors of the putative FA transporter protein CD36 on the binding and transmembrane movement of LCFAs. We particularly focu...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Jay, A. G., Simard, J. R., Huang, N., Hamilton, J. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Hepatic monoamine oxidase B is involved in endogenous geranylgeranoic acid synthesis in mammalian liver cells [Research Articles]
Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) originally was identified in some animals and has been developed as an agent for preventing second primary hepatoma. We previously have also identified GGA as an acyclic diterpenoid in some medicinal herbs. Recently, we reported that in human hepatoma-derived HuH-7 cells, GGA is metabolically labeled from 13C-mevalonate. Several cell-free experiments have demonstrated that GGA is synthesized through geranylgeranial by oxygen-dependent oxidation of geranylgeraniol (GGOH), but the exact biochemical events giving rise to GGA in hepatoma cells remain unclear. Monoamine oxidase B (MOAB) has been sugge...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Tabata, Y., Shidoji, Y. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
A novel GPER antagonist protects against the formation of estrogen-induced cholesterol gallstones in female mice [Research Articles]
In conclusion, CIMBA treatment protects against the formation of estrogen-induced cholesterol gallstones by inhibiting the GPER signaling pathway in female mice. CIMBA may thus be a new agent for effectively treating cholesterol gallstone disease in women. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: DeLeon, C., Wang, H. H., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, M., Cole, A., Arnett, S., Wang, D. Q.-H., Arnatt, C. K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Nanodomains can persist at physiologic temperature in plasma membrane vesicles and be modulated by altering cell lipids [Research Articles]
The formation and properties of liquid-ordered (Lo) lipid domains (rafts) in the plasma membrane are still poorly understood. This limits our ability to manipulate ordered lipid domain-dependent biological functions. Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) undergo large-scale phase separations into coexisting Lo and liquid-disordered lipid domains. However, large-scale phase separation in GPMVs detected by light microscopy is observed only at low temperatures. Comparing Förster resonance energy transfer-detected versus light microscopy-detected domain formation, we found that nanodomains, domains of nanometer size, ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Li, G., Wang, Q., Kakuda, S., London, E. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Schnyder corneal dystrophy-associated UBIAD1 is defective in MK-4 synthesis and resists autophagy-mediated degradation [Research Articles]
The autosomal dominant disorder Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) is caused by mutations in UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein-1 (UBIAD1), which uses geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) to synthesize the vitamin K2 subtype menaquinone-4 (MK-4). SCD is characterized by opacification of the cornea, owing to aberrant build-up of cholesterol in the tissue. We previously discovered that sterols stimulate association of UBIAD1 with ER-localized HMG-CoA reductase, which catalyzes a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids, including GGpp. Binding to UBIAD1 inhibits sterol-accelerat...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Jun, D.-J., Schumacher, M. M., Hwang, S., Kinch, L. N., Grishin, N. V., DeBose-Boyd, R. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Slc43a3 is a regulator of free fatty acid flux [Research Articles]
Adipocytes take up long chain FAs through diffusion and protein-mediated transport, whereas FA efflux is considered to occur by diffusion. To identify potential membrane proteins that are involved in regulating FA flux in adipocytes, the expression levels of 55 membrane transporters without known function were screened in subcutaneous adipose samples from obese patients before and after bariatric surgery using branched DNA methodology. Among the 33 solute carrier (SLC) transporter family members screened, the expression of 14 members showed significant changes before and after bariatric surgery. One of them, Slc43a3, incre...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Hasbargen, K. B., Shen, W.-J., Zhang, Y., Hou, X., Wang, W., Shuo, Q., Bernlohr, D. A., Azhar, S., Kraemer, F. B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
The grease trap: uncovering the mechanism of the hydrophobic lid in Cutibacterium acnes lipase [Research Articles]
Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions, but the details of its pathology are unclear, and current management regimens often have adverse effects. Cutibacterium acnes is known as a major acne-associated bacterium that derives energy from lipase-mediated sebum lipid degradation. C. acnes is commensal, but lipase activity has been observed to differ among C. acnes types. For example, higher populations of the type IA strains are present in acne lesions with higher lipase activity. In the present study, we examined a conserved lipase in types IB and II that was truncated in type IA C. acnes strains. Closed, b...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Kim, H. J., Lee, B.-J., Kwon, A.-R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Vitamin E does not prevent Western diet-induced NASH progression and increases metabolic flux dysregulation in mice [Research Articles]
Fatty liver involves ectopic lipid accumulation and dysregulated hepatic oxidative metabolism, which can progress to a state of elevated inflammation and fibrosis referred to as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The factors that control progression from simple steatosis to NASH are not fully known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dietary vitamin E (VitE) supplementation would prevent NASH progression and associated metabolic alterations induced by a Western diet (WD). Hyperphagic melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient (MC4R–/–) mice were fed chow, chow+VitE, WD, or WD+VitE starting at 8 or 20 weeks of age. Al...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Hasenour, C. M., Kennedy, A. J., Bednarski, T., Trenary, I. A., Eudy, B. J., da Silva, R. P., Boyd, K. L., Young, J. D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Myeloid-specific deficiency of pregnane X receptor decreases atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice [Research Articles]
In this study, we generated an LDL receptor-deficient mouse model with myeloid-specific PXR deficiency (PXRMyeLDLR–/–) to elucidate the role of macrophage PXR signaling in atherogenesis. The myeloid PXR deficiency did not affect metabolic phenotypes and plasma lipid profiles, but PXRMyeLDLR–/– mice had significantly decreased atherosclerosis at both aortic root and brachiocephalic arteries compared with control littermates. Interestingly, the PXR deletion did not affect macrophage adhesion and migration properties, but reduced lipid accumulation and foam cell formation in the macrophages. PXR defici...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sui, Y., Meng, Z., Park, S.-H., Lu, W., Livelo, C., Chen, Q., Zhou, T., Zhou, C. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Lipid rafts as a therapeutic target [Thematic Reviews]
Lipid rafts regulate the initiation of cellular metabolic and signaling pathways by organizing the pathway components in ordered microdomains on the cell surface. Cellular responses regulated by lipid rafts range from physiological to pathological, and the success of a therapeutic approach targeting "pathological" lipid rafts depends on the ability of a remedial agent to recognize them and disrupt pathological lipid rafts without affecting normal raft-dependent cellular functions. In this article, concluding the Thematic Review Series on Biology of Lipid Rafts, we review current experimental therapies targeting pathologica...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sviridov, D., Mukhamedova, N., Miller, Y. I. Tags: Thematic Reviews Source Type: research
The ins and outs of lipid rafts: functions in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, microparticles, and cell membranes [Thematic Reviews]
Cellular membranes are not homogenous mixtures of proteins; rather, they are segregated into microdomains on the basis of preferential association between specific lipids and proteins. These microdomains, called lipid rafts, are well known for their role in receptor signaling on the plasma membrane (PM) and are essential to such cellular functions as signal transduction and spatial organization of the PM. A number of disease states, including atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders, may be caused by dysfunctional maintenance of lipid rafts. Lipid rafts do not occur only in the PM but also have been found in intr...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ouweneel, A. B., Thomas, M. J., Sorci-Thomas, M. G. Tags: Thematic Reviews Source Type: research
Hematopoiesis is regulated by cholesterol efflux pathways and lipid rafts: connections with cardiovascular diseases [Thematic Reviews]
Lipid rafts are highly ordered regions of the plasma membrane that are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids and play important roles in many cells. In hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), lipid rafts house receptors critical for normal hematopoiesis. Lipid rafts also can bind and sequester kinases that induce negative feedback pathways to limit proliferative cytokine receptor cycling back to the cell membrane. Modulation of lipid rafts occurs through an array of mechanisms, with optimal cholesterol efflux one of the major regulators. As such, cholesterol homeostasis also regulates hematopoiesis. Increased ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Morgan, P. K., Fang, L., Lancaster, G. I., Murphy, A. J. Tags: Thematic Reviews Source Type: research
Lipid rafts in glial cells: role in neuroinflammation and pain processing [Thematic Reviews]
Activation of microglia and astrocytes secondary to inflammatory processes contributes to the development and perpetuation of pain with a neuropathic phenotype. This pain state presents as a chronic debilitating condition and affects a large population of patients with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, or after surgery, trauma, or chemotherapy. Here, we review the regulation of lipid rafts in glial cells and the role they play as a key component of neuroinflammatory sensitization of central pain signaling pathways. In this context, we introduce the concept of an inflammaraft (i-raft), enlarged lipid rafts ...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - April 30, 2020 Category: Lipidology Authors: Miller, Y. I., Navia-Pelaez, J. M., Corr, M., Yaksh, T. L. Tags: Thematic Reviews Source Type: research
