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Antibiotic therapy for infection
This article will put these guidelines in perspective, review their recommendations, and cite the data from key primary references. (Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Michael Katzman Source Type: research

Surgery for fulminant infection
Fulminant Clostridium difficile infection is an important clinical entity for surgeons given the increasing incidence and severity of the disease worldwide. Indications for surgery have not been standardized, but a worsening clinical picture from serial examination, laboratory evaluation, or overall clinical status appears to warrant surgical intervention. Total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy confers a modest survival advantage but historical mortality rates range from 35% to 80% in small series. (Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Baddr Shakhsheer, John Alverdy Source Type: research

Prevention of infections—The role of vaccines and therapeutic immunoglobulins
Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming gram-positive bacterium that causes sometimes severe infections of the gut of affected individuals. The high prevalence of C. difficile infections has caused the Center for Disease Control to characterize this disease as “an immediate health threat that requires urgent and aggressive action.” A major issue with existing treatments for C. difficile is their reliance on antibiotics to kill the bacterium. These antibacterial agents cause disruptions in the gut flora that normally compete with C. (Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jon H. Heinrichs, Alex G. Therien Source Type: research

Phage therapy for infection: An alternative to antibiotics?
As a consequence of their widespread use, a critical limitation in current antibiotic therapy is bacterial resistance. In the case of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), current antibiotic regimens may not necessarily suffer due to drug resistance, though they have become increasingly ineffective due to the dysbiosis they induce, resulting in notoriously high recurrence rates. As a result, interest in alternative treatment modalities has recently surfaced. Amongst these emerging treatments, newer investigations are being invested in the older concept of bacteriophage therapy. (Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: William Sangster, John P. Hegarty, David B. Stewart Source Type: research

Clostridium difficile infection and gut microbiota
(Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Sabina Zalig, Maja Rupnik Source Type: research

Role of Endoscopy in the Assessment and Treatment of C. Infection
(Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Robert Shawhan, Scott R. Steele Source Type: research

Clinical and Radiographic Findings in the Patient
(Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jonathan R Snyder, Ian M Paquette Source Type: research

Contemporary Approaches for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Infections
(Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Peter H. Gilligan Source Type: research

Antibiotic Therapy for C. Difficile Infection
(Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Michael Katzman Source Type: research

Surgery for fulminant C. difficile infection
(Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Baddr Shakhsheer, John Alverdy Source Type: research

Print figure in BW but publish online in color at no charge
(Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jon H. Heinrichs, Alex G. Therien Source Type: research

Phage therapy for C. difficile infection: An alternative to antibiotics?
(Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 12, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: William Sangster, John P. Hegarty, David B. Stewart Source Type: research

Introduction: infection
I am thankful to Dr. David Schoetz for the opportunity to serve as the guest editor for this issue of Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery, which focuses on the topic of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). (Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 9, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: David B. Stewart Source Type: research

Overview and changing epidemiology of infection
There has been an increase in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) incidence, severity, and mortality during the last decade. Although the elderly receiving antibiotic therapy are the most common group at risk for infection, CDI occurs in all age groups, and recent data indicate that CDI is emerging in groups that have been traditionally considered at low risk for infection. Additionally, approximately one-third of all CDI cases are now considered to be community associated in the U.S. New information is emerging on risk factors for an initial episode of CDI as well as recurrent disease. (Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 9, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Swati B. Gupta, Erik R. Dubberke Source Type: research

Fecal microbiota transplantation for infection: A surgeon׳s perspective
The human gastrointestinal microbiota is composed of a diverse and complex array of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that reside within our gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The microbiota plays a vital role in metabolism, vitamin production, and perhaps most importantly, protection from invasion by pathogenic microorganisms. The modern era of antibiotic use has resulted in unanticipated damage to the microbiota and the disruption of the delicate balance between the microorganisms of which it is composed. (Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery - May 9, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Thomas J. Borody, Sarah Finlayson Source Type: research