Sibship size, birth order and psychotic experiences: Evidence from 43 low- and middle-income countries
Sibship size and birth order may be contributing factors to the multifactorial etiology of psychosis. Specifically, several studies have shown that sibship size and birth order are associated with schizophrenia. However, there are no studies on their association with psychotic experiences (PE). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ai Koyanagi, Hans Oh, Andrew Stickley, Brendon Stubbs, Nicola Veronese, Davy Vancampfort, Josep Maria Haro, Jordan E. DeVylder Source Type: research
Computerized cognitive training is associated with improved psychosocial treatment engagement in schizophrenia
Poor treatment engagement is an enduring problem in the care of patients with schizophrenia. Evidence suggests that targeted cognitive training (TCT) improves cognition and functional outcomes, but this time-consuming intervention might reduce patients' engagement in other treatment activities when implemented in real-world settings. This is especially true of residential care programs which encourage patients to engage in group therapies, self-care, and a wide variety of structured social, work, and other rehabilitation activities. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michael L. Thomas, Emily B.H. Treichler, Andrew Bismark, Alexandra L. Shiluk, Melissa Tarasenko, Wen Zhang, Yash B. Joshi, Joyce Sprock, Lauren Cardoso, Kristine Tiernan, Gregory A. Light Source Type: research
Identification and prediction of clinical high risk of psychosis in Chinese outpatients using two-stage screening
This study used PRIME Screen-Revised (PS-R) and Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) to investigate the predictive validity of the two-stage screening. Of 566 participants who completed two-stage screening in this study, 192 were PS-R( −) and 374 were PS-R(+). After being interviewed with SIPS, 112 were rated as CHR(+), 109 were diagnosed with psychosis, and the other 345 individuals were CHR(−). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: LiHua Xu, Yan Wang, HuiRu Cui, YingYing Tang, JunJie Wang, XiaoChen Tang, Bin Zhang, YanYan Wei, YiKang Zhu, LiJuan Jiang, ZhenYing Qian, HuiJun Li, TianHong Zhang, JiJun Wang Source Type: research
Aberrant cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity and minimal self-disturbance in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and with first-episode schizophrenia
In the tradition of phenomenology, minimal selfdisturbance has been suggested as a manifestation of the core pathogenesis of schizophrenia; however, the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. Here, in line with the concept of “cognitive dysmetria,” we investigated the cerebro-cerebellar default mode network (DMN) connectivity and its association with pre-reflective minimal selfdisturbance in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Minji Bang, Hae-Jeong Park, Chongwon Pae, Kyoungri Park, Eun Lee, Seung-Koo Lee, Suk Kyoon An Source Type: research
Hyperactivation of left inferior parietal lobule and left temporal gyri shortens resting EEG microstate in schizophrenia
The momentary spatial configuration of the brain electric field at the scalp reflects quasi-stable “functional microstates” caused by activity of different intracranial generators. There is paucity in literature on the intracranial generators of resting state EEG microstate alterations in stable patients with schizophrenia. The present study aimed to investigate resting state microstate alter ations and their neural generators in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives as compared to healthy controls in an attempt to establish state and trait marker. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sunaina Soni, Suriya Prakash Muthukrishnan, Mamta Sood, Simran Kaur, Ratna Sharma Source Type: research
Lower circulating levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in patients with schizophrenia
This study aimed at evaluating changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls. Plasma levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, angiotensin (Ang)-(1 –7) and Ang II were assessed in 25 patients with schizophrenia and 20 controls. Patients with schizophrenia presented decreased levels of ACE compared to controls [median (25th–75th percentiles) = 434.79 (341.15–524.02) vs. 508.49 (396.34–608.72); p (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Satyajit Mohite, Salvina M. de Campos-Carli, Natalia P. Rocha, Shiva Sharma, Aline S. Miranda, Izabela G. Barbosa, Joao V. Salgado, Ana Cristina Simoes-e-Silva, Antonio L. Teixeira Source Type: research
Autoimmune diseases are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Studies have suggested a possible autoimmune contribution in a subset of patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to determine if a history of autoimmune diseases (AD) is associated with an increased risk of later onset of schizophrenia. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ling-Yi Wang, Shih-Fen Chen, Jen-Huai Chiang, Chung-Y Hsu, Yu-Chih Shen Source Type: research
Is the grass greener for those at risk of psychosis?
It has become clear in recent years that the incidence of schizophrenia, and of psychosis in general, varies considerably. Thus, the systematic review by McGrath et al. (2004) suggested a five-fold variation in the incidence of schizophrenia, while the very recent EU-GEI study reported that the incidence of psychosis was five times higher in certain of the Northern European sites studied than that in parts of Italy and Spain (Jongsma et al., 2018). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Robin M. Murray Source Type: research
Does social cognition training augment response to computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia?
Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has shown significant improvement in cognition in schizophrenia. However, effect sizes of CRT have been reported to be modest raising the issue how to augment the effects of CRT on neurocognition and social cognition. Our aim was to examine whether the addition of computerized social cognition training would enhance the effects on neurocognition and social cognition as compared to CRT alone. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jean-Pierre Lindenmayer, Anzalee Khan, Susan R. McGurk, Mila Kirstie C. Kulsa, Isidora Ljuri, Veronica Ozog, Samantha Fregenti, Gianna Capodilupo, Kiara Buccellato, Amod Thanju, Abraham Goldring, Mohan Parak, Benedicto Parker Source Type: research
Neural correlates of dynamic emotion perception in schizophrenia and the influence of prior expectations
Impaired emotion perception is a well-established and stable deficit in schizophrenia; however, there is limited knowledge about the underlying aberrant cognitive and brain processes that result in emotion perception deficits. Recent influential work has shown that perceptual deficits in schizophrenia may result from aberrant precision in prior expectations, associated with disrupted activity in frontal regions. In the present study, we investigated the perception of dynamic, multisensory emotion, the influence of prior expectations and the underlying aberrant brain processes in schizophrenia. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ilvana Dzafic, Hana Burianov á, Andrew K. Martin, Bryan Mowry Source Type: research
Is the higher incidence of clozapine induced myocarditis in Australia due to awareness and monitoring?
We read with interest the recent case report and review of serious clozapine adverse reactions by Li et al. (2018). Clozapine induced myocarditis (CIM) is a potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction (ADR). The authors attribute mortality in this case to CIM and suggest that screening via cardiac enzymes and inflammatory markers should be routine. Internationally, the incidence of CIM has been estimated at 0.07% to 0.7% (Cohen et al., 2012). In contrast, rates ranging from (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jessica L. Dawson, Scott R. Clark, Janet K. Sluggett, Nicholas G. Procter, J. Simon Bell Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research
What prevents youth at clinical high risk for psychosis from engaging in physical activity? An examination of the barriers to physical activity
Exercise has increasingly been proposed as a healthful intervention prior to and after the onset of psychosis. There is some evidence to suggest that youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis are less physically active and report more barriers to engaging in exercise; however, there has been relatively limited empirical work documenting this phenomenon, and to date, relationships between physical activity, barriers, and clinical phenomenology have been unclear. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Raeana E. Newberry, Derek J. Dean, Madison D. Sayyah, Vijay A. Mittal Source Type: research
Some neuroanatomical insights to impulsive aggression in schizophrenia
Patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk of engaging in violence towards others, compared to both the general population and most other patient groups. We have here explored the role of cortico-limbic impairments in schizophrenia, and have considered these brain regions specifically within the framework of a popular neuroanatomical model of impulsive aggression. In line with this model, evidence in patients with aggressive schizophrenia implicated structural deficits associated with impaired decision-making, emotional control and evaluation, and social information processing, especially in the orbitofrontal and ve...
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marcel P. Leclerc, Christina Regenbogen, Roy H. Hamilton, Ute Habel Source Type: research
Polygenic risk score, genome-wide association, and gene set analyses of cognitive domain deficits in schizophrenia
This study assessed genetic contributions to six cognitive domains, identified by the MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery as relevant for schizophrenia, cognition-enhancing, clinical trials. Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores showed significant negative correlations with each cognitive domain. Genome-wide association analyses identified loci associated with attention/vigilance (rs830786 within HNF4G), verbal memory (rs67017972 near NDUFS4), and reasoning/problem solving (rs76872642 within HDAC9). (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Soichiro Nakahara, Sarah Medland, Jessica A. Turner, Vince D. Calhoun, Kelvin O. Lim, Bryon A. Mueller, Juan R. Bustillo, Daniel S. O'Leary, Jatin G. Vaidya, Sarah McEwen, James Voyvodic, Aysenil Belger, Daniel H. Mathalon, Judith M. Ford, Guia Guffanti, Source Type: research
Metacognition – What did James H. Flavell really say and the implications for the conceptualization and design of metacognitive interventions
In the last two decades years, several interventions have been designed for people with major psychological disorders that all have “metacognitive” in their name: Metacognitive Therapy (MCT), Metacognitive Training (e.g., for people with psychosis) and Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT). Two of these interventions are primarily targeted at patients with schizophrenia. Prompted by a recent discussion about w hat constitutes “true” metacognitive treatment, we will first explore the original concept of metacognition as defined by James H. (Source: Schizophrenia Research)
Source: Schizophrenia Research - June 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Steffen Moritz, Paul H. Lysaker Source Type: research
