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Acute moderate-intensity exercise improves 24-h sleep deprivation-induced cognitive decline and cerebral oxygenation: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
Publication date: Available online 3 December 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Sho Kojima, Tomoya Abe, Shinichiro Morishita, Yuta Inagaki, Weixiang Qin, Kazuki Hotta, Atsuhiro TsubakiAbstractWe evaluated the effects of moderate-intensity exercise in improving the decline in cognitive performance induced by a 24-h period of acute sleep deprivation (SD). We hypothesized that the positive effect of exercise is mediated by increased oxygenation (measured using near-infrared spectroscopy) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Cognitive performance was measured using the reaction time and inte...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 4, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Nocturnal bilevel positive airway pressure for the treatment of asthma
Publication date: Available online 2 December 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Robert L. Owens, Lisa M. Campana, Alison M. Foster, Ashley M. Schomer, Elliot Israel, Atul MalhotraAbstractNocturnal worsening of asthma may be due to reduced lung volumes and fewer sigh breaths, which have been shown to increase airway resistance and bronchoreactivity. We hypothesized that mimicking deep inspiration using nocturnal mechanical support would improve symptoms in patients with asthma.Subjects with asthma underwent usual care and bilevel positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for 4 weeks, separated by 4 we...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 3, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Sources of variability in expiratory flow profiles during sleep in healthy young children
Publication date: Available online 30 November 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Anton Hult, Romana Gjergja Juraški, Javier Gracia-Tabuenca, Markku Partinen, Davor Plavec, Ville-Pekka SeppäAbstractStandard lung function tests are not feasible in young children, but recent studies show that the variability of expiratory tidal breathing flow-volume (TBFV) curves during sleep is a potential indirect marker of lower airway obstruction. However, the neurophysiological sources of the TBFV variability in normal subjects has not been established.We investigated sleep stages and body position changes as ...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 30, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Curcumin prophylaxis refurbishes alveolar epithelial barrier integrity and alveolar fluid clearance under hypoxia
Publication date: Available online 25 November 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Titto M, Ankit T, Saumya B, Gausal AK, Sarada SKSAbstractWe have studied the prophylactic efficacy of curcumin to ameliorate the impairment of tight junction protein integrity and fluid clearance in lungs of rats under hypoxia. A549 cells wereexposed to 3% O2 for 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h and rats were exposed to 7620 m for 6 h. NF-κB, Hif-1α and their related genes, tight junction protein (TJ) (ZO-1, JAM-C, claudin-4 and claudin-5, claudin-18) expressions were determined in A549 cells and l...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 26, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Respiratory muscle activity in voluntary breathing tracking tasks: implications for the assessment of respiratory motor control
Publication date: Available online 21 November 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Anna L. Hudson, Lee D. Walsh, Simon C. Gandevia, Jane E. ButlerAbstractHow the involuntary (bulbospinal) and voluntary (corticospinal) pathways interact in respiratory muscle control is not established. To determine the role of excitatory corticobulbar pathways in humans, studies typically compare electromyographic activity (EMG) or evoked responses in respiratory muscles during hypercapnic and voluntary tasks. Although ventilation is matched between tasks by having participants track signals of ventilation, these tas...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 22, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Reflex swallowing elicited by electrical stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea patients: a preliminary study
This study tested whether electrical stimulation of the pharyngeal mucosa is able to induce reliably the swallowing reflex in awake and asleep obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, and whether the induced reflexes affect the sleep variables. In addition, the latency, occurrence, and morphology of swallows were evaluated. Eight patients received an esophageal catheter that was used on three consecutive nights for electrical stimulation and manometric recordings. The electrical stimulation proved itself safe, but its efficiency in inducing swallows sank from 80.0% in awake to 37.4% in sleeping subjects and was lowest in th...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 19, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Respiratory resetting elicited by single pulse spinal stimulation
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Michael D Sunshine, Comron N Ganji, David D Fuller, Chet T MoritzAbstractIntraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) can effectively activate spinal motor circuits, but the impact on the endogenous respiratory pattern has not been systematically evaluated. Here we delivered ISMS in spontaneously breathing adult rats while simultaneously recording diaphragm and external intercostal electromyography activity. ISMS pulses were delivered from C2–T1 along two rostrocaudal tracts located 0.5 or 1 mm lateral to midline. A tungst...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 16, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Premature birth, homeostatic plasticity and respiratory consequences of inflammation
Publication date: Available online 13 November 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Estelle B. Gauda, Gabrielle L. McLemoreABSTRACTInfants who are born premature can have persistent apnea beyond term gestation, reemergence of apnea associated with inflammation during infancy, increased risk of sudden unexplained death, and sleep disorder breathing during infancy and childhood. The autonomic nervous system, particularly the central neural networks that control breathing and peripheral and central chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors that modulate the activity of the central respiratory network, are rap...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 14, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in mice
ConclusionCFTR could inhibit cell autophagy by enhancing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby playing a protective role in LPS-induced ALI in mice. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 13, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Nasal saline irrigation – A review of current anatomical, clinical and computational modelling approaches
Publication date: February 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, Volume 273Author(s): Hana Salati, Jim Bartley, David E. WhiteAbstractNasal saline irrigation is frequently utilised in allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis management, and after nasal and sinus surgery. Anatomical modelling, clinical and computational studies guide treatment optimisation. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the modelling methodologies used in previous nasal irrigation studies by undertaking a systematic analysis of anatomical, clinical and computational investigations that assessed nasal saline irrigation using Medline,...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 9, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Effect of Tidal Volume on Gas Exchange During Rescue Ventilation
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): John R. Fitz-ClarkeAbstractTidal volume VT required for mouth-to-mouth (MTM) and bag-valve-mask (BVM) rescue ventilation remains debatable owing to differences in physiology and end-point objectives. Analysis of gas transport may clarify minimum necessary VT and its determinants. Alveolar and arterial O2 and CO2 responses to MTM and air BVM ventilation for VT between 0.4 and 1.2 liters were computed using a model of gas exchange that incorporates inspired gas concentrations, airway dead space, cardiac output, pulmonary...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 8, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Nasal saline irrigation — A review of current anatomical, clinical and computational modelling approaches
Publication date: Available online 2 November 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Hana Salati, Jim Bartley, David E. WhiteAbstractNasal saline irrigation is frequently utilised in allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis management, and after nasal and sinus surgery. Anatomical modelling, clinical and computational studies guide treatment optimisation.This review offers a comprehensive summary of the modelling methodologies used in previous nasal irrigation studies by undertaking a systematic analysis of anatomical, clinical and computational investigations that assessed nasal saline irrigation using Me...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 2, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Efficacy of Quercetin as a potent sensitizer of β2-AR in combating the impairment of fluid clearance in lungs of rats under hypoxia
ConclusionResults indicated quercetin to be a better prophylactic that augmented AFC in rats exposed to hypoxia by attenuating inflammation and stimulating β2-AR. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 2, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Elevated level of Galectin-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
ConclusionGalectin-1 was confirmed a protein of interest in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Its BAL concentrations were higher in IPF patients than in controls and correlated with disease severity. Galectin-1 was suggested to have a role in the pathogenesis of IPF, principally through the ERK/MAPK pathway and the inhibition of galectin-1 is a potential therapeutic target worthy of research. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - November 2, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Cardiorespiratory and thermal responses to hypercapnia in chickens exposed to CO2 during embryonic development
In conclusion, among cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia can be attenuated by pre-exposure to 1% CO2 during embryonic development, especially in male chicks up to 10 days. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 23, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research