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Midkine and pleiotrophin in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and drug addiction.
Authors: Alguacil LA, Herradón G Abstract Pleiotrophin (PTN) and Midkine (MK) are neurotrophines with documented protective actions in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases and beneficial effects on toxicity and addictive behaviours related to drug abuse. Concerning the latter, both PTN and MK prevent the neurotoxic effects of amphetamine on nigrostriatal pathways and endogenous PTN also limits amphetamine reward. Moreover, endogenous PTN overexpression in the prefontral cortex abolishes alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. This review summarizes the existing patents for using PTN and...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - March 28, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

The Prevention and Treatment of Delirium in Elderly Patients Following Hip Fracture Surgery.
Authors: Martocchia A, Curto M, Comite F, Scaccianoce S, Girardi P, Ferracuti S, Nicoletti F, Falaschi P Abstract Osteoporotic hip fracture needs a specific approach and treatment, since elderly patients are at high risk for adverse outcomes after surgery. In particular, delirium often occurs in the peri-operative period, and it is associated with death, hospital-acquired complications, persistent cognitive impairments, poor functional recovery after surgery and increased healthcare costs. The pre-operative assessment of the risk factors for delirium improves the preventive measures. The delirium diagnosti...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - February 18, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Genetics and Bioinformatics Studies of Antidepressant Drug Therapeutic Efficacies and Toxicities, Current Overviews.
Authors: Da-Yong LU, Ting-Ren LU, Jin-Yu C, Zhu PP Abstract Antidepressants can relief human depression and reduce human depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, some undesired clinical events, such as suicide have been emerging. As for 2004, the US and European regulatory agencies began implementing verification programs to assess the influence on suicidal behavior from the use of antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). With the increasing number of reported cases, several newly developed antidepressants were faced with withdrawal from the markets. Despite unclear cause of suici...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - February 13, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Nonfamilial Hyperparathyroidism.
Authors: Lumachi F, Basso SM Abstract Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is the main cause of hypercalcemia and the most common parathyroid glands disease. The diagnosis is easy in patients with hypercalcemia and elevated PTH serum level. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (PTx) represents the treatment of choice for symptomatic patients, leading to several advantages, including immediate normalization of hypercalcemia and significant improvement of bone mineral density, cardiovascular dysfunctions, neuropsychological symptoms and quality of life. Secondary and tertiary HPT are relatively common complicat...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - February 6, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Treatment of Chronic Migraine with Intramuscular Pericranial Injections of Onabotulinumtoxin A.
Authors: Belvís R, Mas N Abstract Chronic migraine is the most frequent and disabling complication of migraine. To date, only two drugs have been specifically analysed for the treatment of chronic migraine, topiramate and onabotulinumtoxin A, and in the evidence-based medicine categories they have achieved level of evidence I and as such, a grade of recommendation A according to current guidelines. Following the PREEMPT paradigm, pericranial intramuscular onabotulinumtoxin A injections show a good efficacy and safety in chronic migraine patients, both in phase III randomized clinical trials and in a poole...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - February 6, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Liver Growth Factor as a tissue regenerating factor in neurodegenerative diseases.
Authors: Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Calatrava-Ferreras L, Perucho J, Reimers D, Casarejos MJ, Herranz AS, Jiménez-Escrig A, Díaz-Gil JJ, Bazán E Abstract Liver growth factor (LGF) is a hepatic mitogen purified by our group in 1986. In the following years we demonstrated its activity both in "in vivo" and "in vitro" systems, stimulating hepatocytes mitogenesis as well as liver regeneration in several models of liver injury. Furthermore, we established its chemical composition (albumin-bilirubin complex) and its mitogenic actions in liver. From 2000 onwards we used LGF as a tissue regenerating factor in several...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - January 5, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Drug-Drug Interactions: Antiretroviral Drugs and Recreational Drugs.
Authors: Staltari O, Leporini C, Caroleo B, Russo E, Siniscalchi A, De Sarro G, Gallelli L Abstract With the advances in antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are living longer, however, some patients encounter co- morbidities which sometimes require treatment. Therefore, during the treatment with ARV drugs these patients could take people take several recreational drugs (e.g. amphetamines, hallucinogenes, opiates, or alcohol) with a possible development of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). In particular, Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - December 1, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Pharmacological Approaches to Targeting Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors.
Authors: Matera C, Tata AM Abstract The presence of cholinergic system markers and muscarinic receptor subtypes in several tissues also of non-neuronal type has been largely demonstrated. Acetylcholine, synthesized in and out of the nervous system, can locally contribute to modulate cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Considering that the cholinergic system functions are impaired in a number of disorders, the identification of new drugs regulating cholinergic system functions, appears of great clinical relevance. The possible involvement of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in different pathologie...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - November 25, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Naturally occurring and related synthetic cannabinoids and their potential therapeutic applications.
This article reviews patents (2003-2007) that describe methods for isolation of cannabinoids from cannabis, chemical and chromatographic methods for their purification, synthesis, and potential therapeutic applications of these compounds. PMID: 19519560 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery)
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - November 20, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

L-arginine signalling potential in the brain: the peripheral gets central.
Authors: Lameu C, de Camargo AC, Faria M Abstract L-arginine is a basic amino acid that has versatile metabolic roles, being involved in the generation of a wide range of biologically active intermediates such as nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, creatine and L-amino acids [1]. Because the levels of L-arginine reflect a metabolic crossroads, the mechanisms of its synthesis and degradation in peripheral tissues are very well described. However, there is an increasing amount of data also implicating this amino acid as a mediator of central nervous system activities and those are not yet fully understood. Here w...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - November 20, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Anti-amyloid treatments in Alzheimer's disease.
This article reviews different therapeutic approaches that have been investigated to target amyloid beta ranging from secretase modulators, antiaggregation agents to amyloid immunotherapy. Authors review the different novel drugs which are in clinical trials. PMID: 19519562 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery)
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - November 20, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Mood disorders in elderly population: neurostimulative treatment possibilities.
Authors: Rosenberg O, Shoenfeld N, Kotler M, Dannon PN Abstract Treatment of mood disorders is one of the most challenging territories in elderly. Effectiveness of different treatment strategies could be related to age, sex and physical conditions. The side effect profile in this population also affects pharmacological interventions. Our review includes the neurostimulative treatment strategies in elderly. However, possible treatment strategies such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) were less studied i...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - November 20, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

From antidepressant drugs to beta-mimetics: preclinical insights on potential new treatments for neuropathic pain.
This article reviews the findings leading to propose beta-mimetics for neuropathic pain treatment and other recent patents on the topic. PMID: 19538157 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery)
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - November 20, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in cerebrovascular disease.
Authors: Yeo LL, Sharma VK Abstract Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is the only non-invasive examination that provides a reliable evaluation of intracranial blood flow patterns in real-time, adding physiological information to the anatomical information obtained from other neuroimaging modalities. TCD is relatively cheap, can be performed bedside, and allows monitoring both in acute emergency settings as well as for prolonged periods with a high temporal resolution making it ideal for studying dynamic cerebrovascular responses. Extended applications of transcranial Doppler in enhancing intraveno...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - November 20, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Recent patents on novel P2X(7) receptor antagonists and their potential for reducing central nervous system inflammation.
Authors: Friedle SA, Curet MA, Watters JJ Abstract Inflammation arises in the CNS from a number of neurodegenerative and oncogenic disorders, as well as from ischemic and traumatic brain injuries. These pathologies give rise to increased levels of extracellular adenine nucleotides which, via activation of a variety of cell surface P2 purinergic receptors, influence the inflammatory activities of responding immune cells. One P2 receptor subtype in particular, the P2X(7) receptor, potentiates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) from macrophage-like cells. It is als...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - November 20, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research