Changes in Polysome Association of mRNA Throughout Growth and Development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Translational control is a key regulatory step in the expression of genes as proteins. In plant cells, the translational efficiency of mRNAs differs for different mRNA species, and the efficiency dynamically changes in various conditions. To gain a global view of translational control throughout growth and development, we performed genome-wide analysis of polysome association of mRNA during growth and leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana by subjecting the mRNAs in polysomes to DNA microarray. This analysis revealed that the degree of polysome association of mRNA was different depending on the mRNA species, and the poly...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - November 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Yamasaki, S., Matsuura, H., Demura, T., Kato, K. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Both the Jasmonic Acid and the Salicylic Acid Pathways Contribute to Resistance to the Biotrophic Clubroot Agent Plasmodiophora brassicae in Arabidopsis
The role of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in resistance to root pathogens has been poorly documented. We assessed the contribution of SA and JA to basal and partial resistance of Arabidopsis to the biotrophic clubroot agent Plasmodiophora brassicae. SA and JA levels as well as the expression of the SA-responsive genes PR2 and PR5 and the JA-responsive genes ARGAH2 and THI2.1 were monitored in infected roots of the accessions Col-0 (susceptible) and Bur-0 (partially resistant). SA signaling was activated in Bur-0 but not in Col-0. The JA pathway was weakly activated in Bur-0 but was strongly induced i...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - November 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Lemarie, S., Robert-Seilaniantz, A., Lariagon, C., Lemoine, J., Marnet, N., Jubault, M., Manzanares-Dauleux, M. J., Gravot, A. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Geometrical Formation of Compound Starch Grains in Rice Implements Voronoi Diagram
In this study, we examined how starch granules grow and converge into the final SG morphology. First, we found that the number of starch granules in an amyloplast is almost constant from the early developmental stage until endosperm maturity. Next, we quantitatively evaluated the geometrical similarities between starch granules and a Voronoi diagram, which is a mathematical tessellation of space based on the distance to a specific set of points in the space. The in silico growth simulation showed that the geometrical patterns of compound SGs resembling a Voronoi diagram is determined by physical interactions among the free...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - November 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Matsushima, R., Maekawa, M., Sakamoto, W. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Histone Acetylation is Involved in Gibberellin-Regulated sodCp Gene Expression in Maize Aleurone Layers
The cereal aleurone layer plays an important role in seed germination, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aleurone layers act as crucial signal molecules in this progression. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic modification is involved in plant development and seed germination. However, little is known about a possible relationship between histone modification and the ROS signaling pathway in cereal aleurone layers during seed germination. Here, we found that the expression of both histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) was increased gradually during seed germination, accompanied by a...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - November 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Hou, H., Wang, P., Zhang, H., Wen, H., Gao, F., Ma, N., Wang, Q., Li, L. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Engineering a Platform for Photosynthetic Pigment, Hormone and Cembrane-Related Diterpenoid Production in Nicotiana tabacum
Plants synthesize a large number of isoprenoids that are of nutritional, medicinal and industrial importance. 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) catalyzes the first committed step for plastidial isoprenoid biosynthesis. Here, we identified two DXR isogenes, designated NtDXR1 and NtDXR2, from tetraploid common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Southern blotting and genotyping analysis revealed that two NtDXR genes existed in the tetraploid tobacco genome; NtDXR1 and NtDXR2 were separately derived from N. tomentosiformis and N. sylvestris. Both NtDXRs were localized in chloroplasts. Expression patterns indic...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - November 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang, H., Niu, D., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Yang, Y., Jia, H., Cui, H. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Auxin Response Gene SlARF3 Plays Multiple Roles in Tomato Development and is Involved in the Formation of Epidermal Cells and Trichomes
The auxin response factor (ARF) genes encode a large family of proteins involved in auxin signaling transduction. SlARF3, a member of the ARF gene family, encodes a protein containing two conserved domains, B3 and ARF, and lacking an Aux/IAA domain. Expression analysis showed that SlARF3 has a particularly high expression level in trichomes. In situ hybridization also detected the SlARF3 transcripts in epidermal pavement cells of leaves. The physiological function of SlARF3 was studied by using the RNA interference (RNAi) strategy. SlARF3-down-regulated plants exhibited decreased density of epidermal pavement cells and obv...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - November 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang, X., Yan, F., Tang, Y., Yuan, Y., Deng, W., Li, Z. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Red/Far Red Light Controls Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization via Jasmonic Acid and Strigolactone Signaling
Establishment of a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia not only requires sufficient photosynthate, but also the sensing of the ratio of red to far red (R/FR) light. Here, we show that R/FR light sensing also positively influences the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis of a legume and a non-legume through jasmonic acid (JA) and strigolactone (SL) signaling. The level of AM colonization in high R/FR light-grown tomato and Lotus japonicus significantly increased compared with that determined for low R/FR light-grown plants. Transcripts for JA-related genes were also elevated under high R/FR conditions. T...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - November 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Nagata, M., Yamamoto, N., Shigeyama, T., Terasawa, Y., Anai, T., Sakai, T., Inada, S., Arima, S., Hashiguchi, M., Akashi, R., Nakayama, H., Ueno, D., Hirsch, A. M., Suzuki, A. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
The C-Terminal Sequence and PI motif of the Orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) PISTILLATA (PI) Ortholog Determine its Ability to Bind AP3 Orthologs and Enter the Nucleus to Regulate Downstream Genes Controlling Petal and Stamen Formation
This study focused on the investigation of the effects of the PI motif and C-terminus of the Oncidium Gower Ramsey MADS box gene 8 (OMADS8), a PISTILLATA (PI) ortholog, on floral organ formation. 35S::OMADS8 completely rescued and 35S::OMADS8-PI (with the PI motif deleted) partially rescued petal/stamen formation, whereas these deficiencies were not rescued by 35S::OMADS8-C (C-terminal 29 amino acids deleted) in pi-1 mutants. OMADS8 could interact with Arabidopsis APETALA3 (AP3) and enter the nucleus. The nuclear entry efficiency was reduced for OMADS8-PI/AP3 and OMADS8-C/AP3. OMADS8 could also interact with OMADS5/OMADS9 ...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - November 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Mao, W.-T., Hsu, H.-F., Hsu, W.-H., Li, J.-Y., Lee, Y.-I., Yang, C.-H. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Primary Metabolite Levels in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 Leaves: An Examination of Metabolome Data
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) affect primary metabolite levels because CO2 is a direct substrate for photosynthesis. In several studies, the responses of primary metabolite levels have been examined using Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, but these results have not been comprehensively discussed. Here, we examined metabolome data for A. thaliana accession Col-0 leaves that were grown at elevated [CO2] with sufficient nitrogen (N) nutrition. At elevated [CO2], starch, monosaccharides and several major amino acids accumulated in leaves. The degree of accumulation depended on whether the rooting medium contained ...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - November 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Noguchi, K., Watanabe, C. K., Terashima, I. Tags: Mini Review Source Type: research
Transcription Profiles Reveal Sugar and Hormone Signaling Pathways Mediating Flower Induction in Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Flower induction in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is regulated by complex gene networks that involve multiple signal pathways to ensure flower bud formation in the next year, but the molecular determinants of apple flower induction are still unknown. In this research, transcriptomic profiles from differentiating buds allowed us to identify genes potentially involved in signaling pathways that mediate the regulatory mechanisms of flower induction. A hypothetical model for this regulatory mechanism was obtained by analysis of the available transcriptomic data, suggesting that sugar-, hormone- and flowering-related genes, as...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - October 8, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Xing, L.-B., Zhang, D., Li, Y.-M., Shen, Y.-W., Zhao, C.-P., Ma, J.-J., An, N., Han, M.-Y. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
The Greater Phenotypic Homeostasis of the Allopolyploid Coffea arabica Improved the Transcriptional Homeostasis Over that of Both Diploid Parents
Polyploidy impacts the diversity of plant species, giving rise to novel phenotypes and leading to ecological diversification. In order to observe adaptive and evolutionary capacities of polyploids, we compared the growth, primary metabolism and transcriptomic expression level in the leaves of the newly formed allotetraploid Coffea arabica species compared with its two diploid parental species (Coffea eugenioides and Coffea canephora), exposed to four thermal regimes (TRs; 18–14, 23–19, 28–24 and 33–29°C). The growth rate of the allopolyploid C. arabica was similar to that of C. canephora under t...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - October 8, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Bertrand, B., Bardil, A., Baraille, H., Dussert, S., Doulbeau, S., Dubois, E., Severac, D., Dereeper, A., Etienne, H. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Harvesting Far-Red Light by Chlorophyll f in Photosystems I and II of Unicellular Cyanobacterium strain KC1
Cells of a unicellular cyanobacterium strain KC1, which were collected from Japanese fresh water Lake Biwa, formed chlorophyll (Chl) f at 6.7%, Chl a’ at 2.0% and pheophytin a at 0.96% with respect to Chl a after growth under 740 nm light. The far-red-acclimated cells (Fr cells) formed extra absorption bands of Chl f at 715 nm in addition to the major Chl a band. Fluorescence lifetimes were measured. The 405-nm laser flash, which excites mainly Chl a in photosystem I (PSI), induced a fast energy transfer to multiple fluorescence bands at 720–760 and 805 nm of Chl f at 77 K in Fr cells with almost no PSI-red-Chl...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - October 8, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Itoh, S., Ohno, T., Noji, T., Yamakawa, H., Komatsu, H., Wada, K., Kobayashi, M., Miyashita, H. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
UV-B-Induced CPD Photolyase Gene Expression is Regulated by UVR8-Dependent and -Independent Pathways in Arabidopsis
In this study, we investigated the regulation of PHR expression by light with various wavelengths, in particular low-fluence UV-B radiation (280 nm, 0.2 µmol m–2 s–1), in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown under light–dark cycles for 7 d and then adapted to the dark for 3 d. Low-fluence UV-B radiation induced CPDs but not reactive oxygen species. AtPHR expression was effectively induced by UV-B, UV-A (375 nm) and blue light. Expression induced by UV-A and blue light was predominantly regulated by the cryptochrome-dependent pathway, whereas phytochromes A and B played a minor but noticeable role. E...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - October 8, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Li, N., Teranishi, M., Yamaguchi, H., Matsushita, T., Watahiki, M. K., Tsuge, T., Li, S.-S., Hidema, J. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Effects of Phosphorylation of {beta} Subunits of Phycocyanins on State Transition in the Model Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of protein phosphorylation in the regulation of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and may facilitate the elucidation of the entire regulatory network by linking kinases to their physiological substrates. (Source: Plant and Cell Physiology)
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - October 8, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen, Z., Zhan, J., Chen, Y., Yang, M., He, C., Ge, F., Wang, Q. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Convoluted Plasma Membrane Domains in the Green Alga Chara are Depleted of Microtubules and Actin Filaments
In this study we investigated the distribution of cortical microtubules and cortical actin filaments in relation to the distribution of charasomes. We found that microtubules and actin filaments were largely lacking beneath the charasomes, suggesting the absence of nucleating and/or anchoring complexes or an inhibitory effect on polymerization. We also investigated the influence of cytoskeleton inhibitors on the light-dependent growth and the darkness-induced degradation of charasomes. Inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming by cytochalasin D significantly inhibited charasome growth and delayed charasome degradation, whereas d...
Source: Plant and Cell Physiology - October 8, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Sommer, A., Hoeftberger, M., Hoepflinger, M. C., Schmalbrock, S., Bulychev, A., Foissner, I. Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
