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The transgender prostitution: Threat to the rise of AIDS in Pakistan
The National AIDS Control Program (NACP) of Pakistan, which aims to prevent the spread of HIV and AIDS, was established in 1980. The program is also responsible for eliminating the stigma and discrimination against those who are infected and affected in the country. It is estimated that 0.102 million people are infected with HIV and only 17,224 of these are registered with the NACP. Out of these, 8133 patients are currently receiving antiretroviral therapy [1]. There are a total of 42,877 transgender sex workers (TSWs) (commonly known as Hijra) who have the second highest HIV prevalence ratio of 5.2% in the country. (Sourc...
Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health - August 7, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Noman ul Haq, Sohail Riaz, Aqeel Nasim, Maria Tahir Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Risk factors for poor prognosis in children with refractory purulent meningitis and the discharge criteria
This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities and prognosis in pediatric refractory purulent meningitis. Ninety cases of pediatric refractory purulent meningitis were stratified into “good” (n=33) or “poor” (n=57) prognosis groups according to the Glasgow clinical outcome scores. The symptoms, laboratory results, and prognosis were compared by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Univariate analysis showed that poor prognosis was associated wit h: unequal pupil size in both eyes; positive Babinski sign; CSF-WBC>500 ×106/L, CSF protein...
Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health - August 7, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Hai-Lun Peng, Yue Hu, Hong-Jia Chen, Pan-Pan Song, Li Jiang Source Type: research

Efficiency of two sewage treatment systems (activated sludge and natural lagoons) for helminth egg removal in Morocco
Morocco is a country known for its vulnerability of water resources because of its arid and semi-arid climate. Thus, recycled wastewater has been suggested for agricultural activities, but contamination of these wastewaters is a major concern.The current study aims to determine the occurrence of helminth eggs in urban wastewater and to evaluate the removal of these pathogens by two sewage treatment systems: activated sludge and natural lagoons. The samples of wastewater and sludge were collected from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) located in Marrakech and Chichaoua, Morocco. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health)
Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health - August 7, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Sana Chaoua, Samia Boussaa, Ahmed Khadra, Ali Boumezzough Source Type: research

Prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections and malnutrition among schoolchildren of the Zegie Peninsula, northwestern Ethiopia
I have two comments on the interesting study by Abdi et al. on the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections and malnutrition among Ethiopian schoolchildren [1]. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health)
Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health - August 7, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Isolationism, populism, and infectious disease: Uncertainty over international emergency response under the Trump regime
I am a rock,I am an island.I ’ve built walls,A fortress, steep and mighty,That none may penetrate. [1] (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health)
Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health - August 5, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Frank Houghton Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Pantoea agglomerans infection in children
This study evaluated the clinical and microbiological characteristics and pathogenicity of P. agglomerans in children.We retrospectively reviewed microbiological test results for all children (1 month old to 18 years old) who were admitted to our pediatric hospital between January 2000 to June 2015 and had positive clinical specimen cultures for P. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health)
Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health - August 2, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Ay şe Büyükcam, Özlem Tuncer, Deniz Gür, Banu Sancak, Mehmet Ceyhan, Ali Bülent Cengiz, Ateş Kara Source Type: research

Reflections on the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Latin America
The history of epidemiology in Latin America to date has not yet been clarified, but it is known that was first reported in 1983 in Mexico, directly linked to Haiti in terms of both geography and epidemiology of HIV-1 [1]. Since been reported 39 million cases worldwide by 2015, of which 25 million are in sub-Saharan Africa [2], in Asia and the Pacific 4.8 million in Western and Central Europe and North America 2, 3 million in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 1.1 million and in the Middle East and North Africa 230,000 infected with HIV [3]. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health)
Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health - August 1, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Carlos Miguel Rios-Gonz ález, Jessica Fernanda Flores-Enríquez Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Chagas disease: Importance of rats as reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) in western Mexico
In Mexico, the role of most species of mammals involved in the transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 is poorly known. It was carried out a study to investigate the importance of rats as reservoir of T. cruzi in western Mexico, an area with important risk of transmission of T. cruzi to human. Thirty-eight human dwellings were searched on two representative towns of western Mexico along twelve months for collection of rats and triatomines. Study rats (Rattus norvegicus) Berkenhout, 1769 and triatomines (Meccus phyllosomus longipennis) (Usinger, 1939) were collected inside and outside human dwellings. (Source: ...
Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health - July 31, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Gumercindo G. Rosal, Benjam ín Nogueda-Torres, María E. Villagrán, José A. de Diego-Cabrera, Oziel D. Montañez-Valdez, José A. Martínez-Ibarra Source Type: research