Journal of Biomechanical Engineering This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Contractile Smooth Muscle and Active Stress Generation in Porcine Common Carotids
The mechanical response of intact blood vessels to applied loads can be delineated into passive and active components using an isometric decomposition approach. Whereas the passive response is due predominantly to the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and amorphous ground substance, the active response depends on the presence of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the contractile machinery activated within those cells. To better understand determinants of active stress generation within the vascular wall, we subjected porcine common carotid arteries (CCAs) to biaxial inflation –extension testing under maximally contracted o...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - November 9, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Contributions of Kinetic Energy and Viscous Dissipation to Airway Resistance in Pulmonary Inspiratory and Expiratory Airflows in Successive Symmetric Airway Models With Various Bifurcation Angles
The aim of this study was to investigate and quantify contributions of kinetic energy and viscous dissipation to airway resistance during inspiration and expiration at various flow rates in airway models of different bifurcation angles. We employed symmetric airway models up to the 20th generation with the following five different bifurcation angles at a tracheal flow rate of 20 L/min: 15 deg, 25 deg, 35 deg, 45 deg, and 55 deg. Thus, a total of ten computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for both inspiration and expiration were conducted. Furthermore, we performed additional four simulations with trach...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - November 9, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Mathematical Model for Tissue-Level Hypoxic Response in Microfluidic Environment
In this study, the dynamics of intracellular species inside a colony of tumor cells are investigated by varying the cell-block thickness and cell types in a microfluidic cell culture device. The oxygen transport across the cell block is modeled through diffusion, while ascorbate (AS) transport from the extracellular medium is addressed by a concentration-dependent uptake model. The extracellular and intracellular descriptions were coupled through the consumption and traffic of species from the microchannel to the cell block. Our model shows that the onset of hypoxia is possible in HeLa cell within minutes depending on the ...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - November 9, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Erratum: “Reporting the Fatigue Life of 316L Stainless Steel Locking Compression Plate Implants: The Role of the Femoral and Tibial Biomechanics During the Gait” [ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 2017, 139 (10), p. 104502; DOI: 10.1115/1.4037561]
Devyn Rice has been removed as an author and removed from the Acknowledgment. (Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering)
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - October 31, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An Engineering Model to Test for Sensory Reweighting: Nonhuman Primates Serve as a Model for Human Postural Control and Vestibular Dysfunction
Conclusions involving sensory reweighting in the nonhuman primate for a normal sensory state and a state of mild vestibular loss led to meaningful insights. This first-phase effort to model the balance control system in nonhuman primates is essential for future investigations toward the effects of invasive rehabilitative (balance) technologies on postural control in pr imates, and ultimately, humans. (Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering)
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - October 31, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An Alternative Method to Characterize the Quasi-Static, Nonlinear Material Properties of Murine Articular Cartilage
In this study, we developed novel and direct approach to independently quantify two quasi-static mechanical properties of mouse AC: the load-dependent (nonlinear) solid matrix Young's modulus (E) and drained Poisson's ratio (ν). The technique involves confocal microscope-based multiaxial strain mapping of compressed, intact murine AC followed by inverse finite element analysis (iFEA) to determine E andν. Importantly, this approach yields estimates of E andν that are independent of the initial guesses used for iterative optimization. As a proof of concept, mechanical properties of AC on the medial femoral condyles of wil...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - October 31, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

The Effects of Aging and Dual Tasking on Human Gait Complexity During Treadmill Walking: A Comparative Study Using Quantized Dynamical Entropy and Sample Entropy
Quantized dynamical entropy (QDE) has recently been proposed as a new measure to quantify the complexity of dynamical systems with the purpose of offering a better computational efficiency. This paper further investigates the viability of this method using five different human gait signals. These signals are recorded while normal walking and while performing secondary tasks among two age groups (young and older age groups). The results are compared with the outcomes of previously established sample entropy (SampEn) measure for the same signals. We also study how analyzing segmented and spatially and temporally normalized s...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - October 31, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Thermal Analyses of a Human Kidney and a Rabbit Kidney During Cryopreservation by Vitrification
This study focuses on thermal analysis of the problem of scaling up from the vitrification of rabbit kidneys to the vitrification of human kidneys, where vitrification is the preservation of biological material in the glassy state. The basis for this study is a successful cryopreservation protocol for a rabbit kidney model, based on using a proprietary vitrification solution known as M22. Using the finite element analysis (FEA) commercial code ANSYS, heat transfer simulations suggest that indeed the rabbit kidney unquestionably cools rapidly enough to be vitrified based on known intrarenal concentrations of M22. Scaling up...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - October 26, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Modeling the Deformation of the Elastin Network in the Aortic Valve
This paper is concerned with proposing a suitable structurally motivated strain energy function, denoted by Weelastin network, for modeling the deformation of the elastin network within the aortic valve (AV) tissue. The AV elastin network is the main noncollagenous load-bearing component of the valve matrix, and therefore, in the context of continuum-based modeling of the AV, the Weelastin network strain energ y function would essentially serve to model the contribution of the “isotropic matrix.” To date, such a function has mainly been considered as either a generic neo-Hookean term or a general exponential funct...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - October 19, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Finite Element Model of a Midsize Male for Simulating Pedestrian Accidents
Pedestrians represent one of the most vulnerable road users and comprise nearly 22% the road crash-related fatalities in the world. Therefore, protection of pedestrians in car-to-pedestrian collisions (CPC) has recently generated increased attention with regulations involving three subsystem tests. The development of a finite element (FE) pedestrian model could provide a complementary component that characterizes the whole-body response of vehicle –pedestrian interactions and assesses the pedestrian injuries. The main goal of this study was to develop and to validate a simplified full body FE model corresponding to a 50t...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - October 19, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research