International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Toward evidence‐based medical statistics: a Bayesian analysis of double‐blind placebo‐controlled antidepressant trials in the treatment of anxiety disorders
Abstract The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uses a p < 0.05 null‐hypothesis significance testing framework to evaluate “substantial evidence” for drug efficacy. This framework only allows dichotomous conclusions and does not quantify the strength of evidence supporting efficacy. The efficacy of FDA‐approved antidepressants for the treatment of anxiety disorders was re‐evaluated in a Bayesian framework that quantifies the strength of the evidence. Data from 58 double‐blind placebo‐controlled trials were retrieved from the FDA for the second‐generation antidepressants for the treatment of anxiety d...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rei Monden, Stijn Vos, Richard Morey, Eric‐Jan Wagenmakers, Peter Jonge, Annelieke M. Roest Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Planning to make economic decisions in the future, but choosing impulsively now: are preference reversals related to symptoms of ADHD and depression?
Abstract A preference for smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards (delay discounting, DD) is common in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but rarely investigated in depression. Whether this preference is due to sensitivity to reward immediacy or delay aversion remains unclear. To investigate this, we examined whether ADHD and depressive symptoms are associated with preference reversals: a switch from smaller immediate rewards to larger delayed rewards when smaller rewards are also delayed. We also examined whether these symptoms differentially affect DD of losses. In Study 1 undergraduates compl...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gabry W. Mies, Erik De Water, Anouk Scheres Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

How should prevalence of alcohol use disorders be assessed globally?
Abstract Alcohol is a major risk factor for global burden of disease, and alcohol use disorders make up a considerable portion of this burden. Up to now, prevalence of alcohol use disorders has been estimated based on general population surveys with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) as the gold standard for assessment. However, three major problems have been identified with the current conceptualization of alcohol use disorders and its measurement via CIDI: cultural specificity of key criteria measured such as loss of control; lack of convergence of diagnoses identified by CIDI with clinically relevan...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jürgen Rehm Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Validation of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) in Ireland: a multi‐group analysis
This study investigated the validity and reliability of the READ by means of factor analysis, multi‐group analysis, inter‐correlations and internal consistency measures. Participants were 6085 young people in Ireland aged 12–18 years. Participants completed the My World Survey – Second Level (MWS‐SL), assessing risk and protective factors of mental health. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the original five‐factor structure of the READ including Personal Competence, Social Competence, Structured Style, Family Cohesion, and Social Resources, χ2(340) = 6146.02, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.056 (90% C...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yvonne Kelly, Amanda Fitzgerald, Barbara Dooley Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Meta‐analysis of population‐based studies comparing risk of cerebrovascular accident associated with first‐ and second‐generation antipsychotic prescribing in dementia
ConclusionMeta‐analysis of population‐based data suggested that the use of SGAs as opposed to FGAs to control BPSD is not associated with significantly increased risk of CVA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research)
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ahsan Rao, Amna Suliman, Giles Story, Sabine Vuik, PAUL Aylin, ARA Darzi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Evaluating cognitive effort in a randomized controlled trial
Abstract Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of neuropsychiatric conditions involve cognitive outcome measures; however, validity of cognitive data relies on adequate effort during testing, and such screening is seldom performed. Given well‐established rates of 10 to 30% poor effort in clinical settings, this is not a trivial concern. This preliminary study evaluated effort during cognitive testing in an RCT of omega‐3 supplementation to reduce suicidality in a high‐risk psychiatric population. An interim analysis of sustained attentions measures from the Connors Performance Test (CPT‐2) at baseline for the fi...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Travis H. Turner, Jenna B. Renfroe, Kristen Morella, Bernadette P. Marriott, Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Sample sizes and precision of estimates of sensitivity and specificity from primary studies on the diagnostic accuracy of depression screening tools: a survey of recently published studies
Abstract Depression screening tools are useful to the extent that they accurately discriminate between depressed and non‐depressed patients. Studies without enough patients to generate precise estimates make it difficult to evaluate accuracy. We conducted a survey of recently published studies on depression screening tool accuracy to evaluate the percentage with sample size calculations; the percentage that provided confidence intervals; and precision, based on the width and lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity. We calculated 95% confidence intervals, if possible, when not provided. On...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Brett D. Thombs, Danielle B. Rice Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Behavioral activities collected through smartphones and the association with illness activity in bipolar disorder
Abstract Smartphones are useful in symptom‐monitoring in bipolar disorder (BD). Objective smartphone data reflecting illness activity could facilitate early treatment and act as outcome in efficacy trials. A total of 29 patients with BD presenting with moderate to severe levels of depressive and manic symptoms used a smartphone‐based self‐monitoring system during 12 weeks. Objective smartphone data on behavioral activities were collected. Symptoms were clinically assessed every second week using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Objective smartphone data correlated with symptom s...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Maria Faurholt‐Jepsen, Maj Vinberg, Mads Frost, Sune Debel, Ellen Margrethe Christensen, Jakob E Bardram, Lars Vedel Kessing Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Mapping the manuals of madness: Comparing the ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV‐TR using a network approach
This study uses a network approach to investigate the overlap in structure between diagnostic networks pertaining to ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV‐TR. Networks are constructed by representing individual symptoms as nodes, and connecting nodes whenever the corresponding symptoms feature as diagnostic criteria for the same mental disorder. Results indicate that, relative to the DSM‐IV‐TR network, the ICD‐10 network contains (a) more nodes, (b) lower level of clustering, and (c) a higher level of connectivity. Both networks show features of a small world, and have similar (of “the same”) high centrality nodes. Comparison ...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Pia Tio, Sacha Epskamp, Arjen Noordhof, Denny Borsboom Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Sex differences and gender‐invariance of mother‐reported childhood problem behavior
Abstract Prevalence and severity of childhood behavioral problems differ between boys and girls, and in psychiatry, testing for gender differences is common practice. Population‐based studies show that many psychopathology scales are (partially) Measurement Invariance (MI) with respect to gender, i.e. are unbiased. It is, however, unclear whether these studies generalize towards clinical samples. In a psychiatric outpatient sample, we tested whether the Child Behavior Checklist 6–18 (CBCL) is unbiased with respect to gender. We compared mean scores across gender of all syndrome scales of the CBCL in 3271 patients (63.3...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - January 22, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sophie Sluis, Tinca J.C. Polderman, Michael C. Neale, Frank C. Verhulst, Danielle Posthuma, Gwen C. Dieleman Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Sex differences and gender ‐invariance of mother‐reported childhood problem behavior
Abstract Prevalence and severity of childhood behavioral problems differ between boys and girls, and in psychiatry, testing for gender differences is common practice. Population‐based studies show that many psychopathology scales are (partially) Measurement Invariance (MI) with respect to gender, i.e. are unbiased. It is, however, unclear whether these studies generalize towards clinical samples. In a psychiatric outpatient sample, we tested whether the Child Behavior Checklist 6–18 (CBCL) is unbiased with respect to gender. We compared mean scores across gender of all syndrome scales of the CBCL in 3271 patients (63.3...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - January 21, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sophie Sluis, Tinca J.C. Polderman, Michael C. Neale, Frank C. Verhulst, Danielle Posthuma, Gwen C. Dieleman Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Use of a two ‐phase process to identify possible cases of mental ill health in the UK military
This study assesses the sensitivity and specificity of abridged instruments (used in the first phase) compared to the full instruments (the second phase), and whether false negative cases resulting from the use of abridged tests were detected by another test, among a UK military screening sample. Data from a group of UK Armed Forces personnel (n = 1464) who had completed full questionnaires assessing symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version, PCL‐C) and alcohol misuse (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, AUDIT) were used. An abridged version of the PCL‐C performe...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - January 21, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Howard Burdett, Nicola T. Fear, Norman Jones, Neil Greenberg, Simon Wessely, Roberto J. Rona Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Subjective cognitive impairment of older adults: a comparison between the US and China
Abstract Subjective assessment may be incomparable across countries due to differences in reporting styles. Based on two nationally representative surveys from the US and China, this study used data from three anchoring vignettes to estimate to what extent the US and Chinese older adults aged 50 and above differed in their reporting styles of subjective cognitive impairment. Cross country differences of subjective cognitive impairment were then estimated, both before and after adjusting for reporting heterogeneity. Directly assessed word recall test scores were analyzed to evaluate whether findings based on subjective cogn...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - January 12, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Qiong Wu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Performance of the CORE ‐10 and YP‐CORE measures in a sample of youth engaging with a community mental health service
This article assesses the performance and psychometric properties of two versions of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE) measures that assess psychological distress: the Young Person's CORE (YP‐CORE) for 11–16 year olds and the CORE‐10 for those 17 or older. The sample comprised 1592 young people aged 12–25 who completed the YP‐CORE and CORE‐10 during their initial engagement with an early intervention service. Total and average scores were examined for both measures. Gender and age differences were evaluated using t‐tests and analysis of variance. The factor structures were assessed with princ...
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - January 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Aileen O'Reilly, Nicholas Peiper, Lynsey O'Keeffe, Robert Illback, Richard Clayton Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research)
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research - December 2, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research