Chapter 24 Radiology and imaging for cavernous malformations
Publication date: 2017 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 143 Author(s): Kevin Y. Wang, Oluwatoyin R. Idowu, Doris D.M. Lin Cavernous malformations are low-flow vascular malformations that are histologically characterized by the lack of mural elements of mature vascular structures and intervening parenchymal neural tissue. They are often clinically quiescent, and may grow, bleed, and regress, but can also manifest clinically as neurologic deficits or seizures in the setting of an acute hemorrhage. The low-flow nature of cavernous malformations renders them inherently occult on cerebral angiography. Magnetic...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - May 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 23 Epidemiology of cavernous malformations
Publication date: 2017 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 143 Author(s): Hannah E. Goldstein, Robert A. Solomon Cavernous malformations, accounting for approximately 5–15% of all vascular abnormalities in the central nervous system, are angiographically occult lesions which most often present with seizures, rather than acute hemorrhage. Widely variable across populations, the incidence of cavernous malformations has been reported to be 0.15–0.56 per 100 000 persons per year, with an annual hemorrhage rate of 0.6–11% per patient-year. Seen in 0.17–0.9% of the population, up to one-half are familial, a...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - May 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 22 Natural history of spinal cavernous malformations
Publication date: 2017 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 143 Author(s): Marc Otten, Paul Mccormick Spinal cavernous malformations are intramedullary vascular lesions. They have low pressure and flow, so they may take many years to present with clinical symptoms. Because of their relatively benign nature, surgical intervention is not always indicated. An understanding of the natural history of cavernous malformations helps make decisions about when and if to intervene. In patients who do not have surgery, 88.7% have stable or improved neurologic function, whereas 89.3% have these outcomes in the surgical gro...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - May 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 21 Natural history of cerebral cavernous malformations
Publication date: 2017 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 143 Author(s): Chibawanye Ene, Anand Kaul, Louis Kim Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular abnormalities of the central nervous system with an incidence of 0.4–0.5% and an annual rate of hemorrhage ranging from 0.7% to 1%. Most lesions are located in the cerebral hemisphere but some occur in deeper locations such as the basal ganglia and pons. The most common symptoms during presentation are headache, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits. Surgery remains the most effective treatment modality for symptomatic CCM, while the managemen...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - May 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 20 Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage and aneurysms
Publication date: 2017 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 143 Author(s): Tanmoy K. Maiti, Shyamal C. Bir, Anil Nanda Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a rare disease. Spinal aneurysms are even rarer and mostly undetected unless they rupture and become symptomatic. In this chapter we aim to review the available literature about spinal subarachnoid hematoma with special emphasis on spinal aneurysms. As most reports of spinal aneurysms describe a single case or a small case series, the diagnostic algorithm is often lacking. The outcome is also different based on the etiologies; therefore management strat...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - May 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
