Could human coronavirus OC43 have co-evolved with early humans?
Abstract This paper reports on an investigation of the role of codon usage evolution on the suggested bovine-to-human spillover of Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), an enteric/respiratory virus of cattle, resulting in the emergence of the exclusively respiratory Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Analyses based on full genomes of BCoV and HCoV-OC43 and on both human and bovine mRNAs sequences of cholecystokinin (CCK) and surfactant protein 1 A (SFTP1-A), representing the enteric and respiratory tract codon usage, respectively, have shown natural selection leading to optimization or deoptimization of viral codon usage to the huma...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
New insights into Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection based on transcriptome analysis in planta
Abstract Asian soybean rust (ASR) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting soybeans. The causative agent of ASR, the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, presents characteristics that make it difficult to study in vitro, limiting our knowledge of plant-pathogen dynamics. Therefore, this work used leaf lesion laser microdissection associated with deep sequencing to determine the pathogen transcriptome during compatible and incompatible interactions with soybean. The 36,350 generated unisequences provided an overview of the main genes and biological pathways that were active in the fungus during the infection cycle. We als...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Can plant DNA barcoding be implemented in species-rich tropical regions? A perspective from São Paulo State, Brazil
We present which taxa remain underrepresented for the São Paulo tree flora and discuss the implications of this result for other species-rich tropical regions. (Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology)
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
A cytosolic class II small heat shock protein, PfHSP17.2, confers resistance to heat, cold, and salt stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis
Abstract We cloned and characterized the full-length coding sequence of a small heat shock (sHSP) gene, PfHSP17.2, from Primula forrestii leaves following heat stress treatment. Homology and phylogenetic analysis suggested that PfHSP17.2 is a cytosolic class II sHSP, which was further supported by the cytosolic localization of transient expression of PfHSP17.2 fused with green fluorescent protein reporter. Expression analysis showed that PfHSP17.2 was highly inducible by heat stress in almost all the vegetative and generative tissues and was expressed under salt, cold, and oxidative stress conditions as well. Moreover, the...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Transcriptome sequencing and expression profiling of genes involved in the response to abiotic stress in Medicago ruthenica
Abstract Medicago ruthenica is a perennial forage legume with the remarkable ability to survive under unfavorable environmental conditions. It has been identified as an excellent species of Medicago that can adapt to various environmental stresses including low temperature, drought, and salinity. To investigate its potential as a genetic resource, we performed transcriptome sequencing and analysis in M. ruthenica under abiotic stresses. We generated>120 million reads from six cDNA libraries, resulting in 79,249 unique transcripts, most of which were highly similar to transcripts from M. truncatula (44,608, 56.3%) and al...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Network analysis of ABA-dependent and ABA-independent drought responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Abstract Drought is one of the most severe abiotic factors restricting plant growth and yield. Numerous genes functioning in drought response are regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) dependent and independent pathways, but knowledge of interplay between the two pathways is still limited. Here, we integrated transcriptome sequencing and network analyses to explore interplays between ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways responding to drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified 211 ABA-dependent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1,118 ABA-independent DEGs under drought stress. Functional analysis showed th...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Comparison of radiosensitivity response to acute and chronic gamma irradiation in colored wheat
Abstract We aimed to investigate the biological responses induced by acute and chronic gamma irradiation in colored wheat seeds rich in natural antioxidants. After acute and chronic irradiation, the phenotypic effects on plant growth, germination rate, seedling height, and root length were examined, and the biochemical changes were investigated by analyzing the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and total antioxidant capacity. High dosages of chronic radiation reduced plant growth compared with the controls. Electron spin resonance measurement and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ac...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Karyotypes of Brazilian non-volant small mammals (Didelphidae and Rodentia): An online tool for accessing the chromosomal diversity
Abstract We have created a database system named CIPEMAB (CItogen ética dos PEquenos MAmíferos Brasileiros) to assemble images of the chromosomes of Brazilian small mammals (Rodents and Marsupials). It includes karyotype information, such as diploid number, karyotype features, idiograms, and sexual chromosomes characteristics. CIPEMAB facilitates quick sharing o f information on chromosome research among cytogeneticists as well as researchers in other fields. The database contains more than 300 microscopic images, including karyotypic images obtained from 182 species of small mammals from the literature. Researchers can ...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Comparative mitogenomic analyses of Amazona parrots and Psittaciformes
Abstract Amazon parrots are long-lived birds with highly developed cognitive skills, including vocal learning. Several parrot mitogenomes have been sequenced, but important aspects of their organization and evolution are not fully understood or have limited experimental support. The main aim of the present study was to describe the mitogenome of the blue-fronted Amazon, Amazona aestiva, and compare it to other mitogenomes from the genus Amazona and the order Psittaciformes. We observed that mitogenomes are highly conserved among Amazon parrots, and a detailed analysis of their duplicated control regions revealed conserved ...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Dispersion of transposable elements and multigene families: Microstructural variation in Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) genomes
In this study, repeated sequences isolated from the genome of Characidium gomesi were analyzed and mapped to chromosomes in Characidium zebra and specimens from two populations of C. gomesi. The sequences were transposable elements (TEs) named retroelement of Xiphophorus (Rex); multigene families of U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA); and histones H1, H3, and H4. Sequence analyses revealed that U2 snRNA contains a major portion corresponding to the Tx1-type non-LTR retrotransposon Keno, the preferential insertion sites of which are U2 snRNA sequences. All histone sequences were found to be associated with TEs. In situ localiz...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Clinical evaluation of a substitute of HLA-B*58:01 in different Chinese ethnic groups
In this study, rs9263726 and HLA-B*58:01 were detected in all samples. For samples of individuals whose rs9263726 genotypes were not consistent with HLA-B*58:01, we did high-resolution typing of HLA-B gene to further confirm the correlation of rs9263726 genotype and special HLA-B alleles. We confirmed that the linkage disequilibrium between rs9263726 and HLA-B*58:01 was more significant in the Han ethnic group (r2=0.886, D ’ =1.0) than in the Tibet and Hui ethnic groups (for Tibetan, r2=0.606, D ’ =0.866; for Hui, r2=0.622, D ’ =0.924). For Han Chinese, samples with the GG genotype of rs9263726 did not carry HLA-B*58...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Decreased serum PON1 arylesterase activity in familial hypercholesterolemia patients with a mutated LDLR gene
Abstract Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a serum enzyme associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) regulation through its paraoxonase and arylesterase activity. PON1 inhibits the oxidation of HDL and low density lipoprotein (LDL), and is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including atherosclerosis. Conversely, mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) result in failure of receptor mediated endocytosis of LDL leading to its elevated plasma levels and onset of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). In the current study we investigated the role of PON1 polymorphisms rs662; c.575A> G (p.Gln192Arg)...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Evaluation of association of DRD2 TaqIA and -141C InsDel polymorphisms with food intake and anthropometric data in children at the first stages of development
This study investigated the association of TaqIA (rs1800497) and -141C InsDel (rs1799732) variants in DRD2/ANKK1 gene with food intake and adiposity parameters in a cohort of children. The sample consisted of 270 children followed until 7 to 8 years old. DNA was extracted from blood and polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP analysis. Food intake and nutritional status were compared among individuals with different SNP genotypes. Children carrying the A1 allele (TaqIA) had higher energy of lipid dense foods (LDF) when compared with A2/A2 homozygous children at 7 to 8 years old (GLM p=0.004; Mann Whitney p=0.005). No assoc...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Performance of probe polymerization-conjunction-agarose gel electrophoresis in the rapid detection of KRAS gene mutation
In conclusion, a simple and rapid method was established based on probe polymerization-conjunction-agarose gel electrophoresis for detecting KRAS gene mutations. This method can be applied to the conventional mutation detection of inhomogeneous samples. (Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology)
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Development of a comprehensive noninvasive prenatal test
In conclusion, it is feasible to perform a comprehensive NIPT by using only data from high coverage targeted sequencing, which, in addition to detecting trisomies, also make it possible to identify pathogenic variants of the candidate genes for monogenic diseases. (Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology)
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 6, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
